الفهرس 
INRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
I. INTRODUCTION
Grape is a popular fruit for both local consumption and exportation in many temperate and tropical countries throughout the world. It has cultured for 5000 to 7000 years. Grape (Vitis vinifera) is considered the first major fruit crop in the production all over the world.Grape cultivation reached approximately 7.43714 ha world-wide with a total world production of over 66.93 million tons (FAO, 2009). Grape is the common name for any of the woody, vining plants belonging to the about 60 species comprising the genus Vitis in the flowering plant family Vitaceae. It is also the name for the edible fruit that grows on these perennial and deciduous plants. Some consider grape a common term for all members of the family vitaceae.
The grape can be eaten fresh or used for making Jam, Juice, Jelly wine and grape seed oil, for being of an excellent flavor, nice taste and high nutritional value (Hulme, 1971).
Grape growing in Egypt has progressively developed in last few years; grape exportation ranks second after citrus concerning the acreage in agricultural exports with a total of 112,802 tons of grapes according to the latest Statistics of Ministry of Agriculture (2019).
Fertilization is one of the important tools in increasing crop yield. Nitrogen has a pronounced role in improving production and quality of fruits. The efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers under field conditions and surface irrigated soil rarely exceeds 5% and is usually ranged between 30 and 40% (Sahrawat, 1979). Such low efficiency may be due to losses of N from soils as nitrate by leaching or as nitrogen gases through nitrate reduction by volatilization. Leaching of nitrate and its downward – movement below the root zone with the flowing water cause may problems such as nitrate pollution of ground
water