الفهرس 
Pneumonia
Empyema and Parapneumonic Fluid CollectionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Summary Parapneumonic fluid collection mostly because of pneumonia while empyema is pus in the pleural cavity. (Shah et al.,2013) Most common pathogens are streptococcus pneumonia (serotype 1,3,14,19A). (Harris et al., 2017) The evolution of parapneumonic pleural effusion can be divided into three stages. The first stage is the exudative stage in which there is rapid outpouring of fluid into the pleural space. If the patient does not see a physician or receives the wrong antibiotic, the effusion may proceed to the second stage; fibropurulent stage is characterized by positive bacterial studies, the pleural fluid becomes infected and progressively loculated, third stage is known as the organizational stage in which, fibroblasts grow on both parietal and visceral pleural surfaces. (Lepus & Vivero, 2018) On chest examination: (Dean et al,2016) • Inspection and palpation: decreased chest movements during respiration and decreased tactile fremitus. • Dullness to percussion. • Ausultation: decreased vocal resonance and decreased or absent breath sounds, rales or crackles and/or bronchial breathing. The aim of the study was to show the benefit of chymotrypsin as an adjuvant therapy in cases of moderate parapneumonic effusion in children. (Primary objective).