الفهرس 
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Abstract
Two field experiments were carried out during two summer seasons 2018 and 2019 at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, to study the impact of irrigation intervals and foliar proline application on yield and its components of maize crop. The two maize hybrids [Single Cross (S.C.) 10 and Triple Cross (T.C.) 321]; three irrigation intervals (I1= 11 day, I2= 16 day and I3= 21 day) and three proline (P0= 0 (control= water only), P1= 100 ppm and P2= 200 ppm) were used. Experimental design was randomized complete block design (RCBD) using split-plot in strips, where irrigation intervals allocated in the main vertically, foliar proline were arranged in the main horizontally and maize hybrids were occupied the sub-plots.
The grains of maize hybrids were sown on 19 of June and 14 of July in the first and second seasons, respectively. The plots area were 3x3.5 m2 (the plot including 5 ridges of 0.7 m apart with 3 m length).
The results could be summarized as the following:
I- Growth traits:
1- Plant height (cm):
- The plant height was reacted significantly to the three main effects i.e. irrigation interval, foliar applied proline and maize hybrids and the tallest plants were recorded by irrigation interval at 11 day, control (without proline) and Single Cross (S.C.) 10 in both seasons.
- The plant height had a significantly and highly significant affected by HxI in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively, as well as it had significantly affected by HxPxI in the 2nd season only.
- The tallest plants were detected by the first and second order interaction treatments (hybrid S.C. 10 x irrigation at 11 day), (hybrid S.C. 10 x control) and (control x irrigation at 11 day), as well as (hybrid S.C. 10 x control x irrigation at 11 day) in both seasons.
2- Ear height (cm):
- The ear height exerted highly significant influenced by the three main effects in the both seasons, except irrigation intervals in the 1st season had significant influenced and proline had non-significant influenced.
- The highest mean values for ear height were recorded by irrigation at 11 day interval, control (without proline) and maize hybrid Single Cross 10 in both seasons.
- The first order interactions HxI and HxP exerted a significantly influenced on the ear height in the 1st season only.
- The first and second order interaction treatments either (hybrid S.C. 10 x irrigation at 11 day) and (200 ppm proline x irrigation at 11 day) in both seasons or (hybrid S.C. 10 x 200 ppm proline) and (hybrid S.C. 10 x 200 ppm proline x irrigation 11 day) in the 2nd season gave the highest mean values for ear height.
II- Yield attributes and yield traits:
1- Ear length (cm):
- The ear length had significantly affected by irrigation interval and maize hybrids in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.
- The longest ears were recorded by irrigation at 11 day and hybrid S.C. 10 in the both seasons, as well as control and 200 ppm proline in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.
- The all first and second order interactions had non-significantly influenced on the ear length in the both seasons.
- The longest ears were detected by (hybrid S.C. 10 x irrigation at 11 day), (hybrid S.C. 10 x control), (100 ppm proline x irrigation at 11 day) and (hybrid S.C.10 x 100 ppm proline x irrigation at 11 day) in the 2nd season.
2- Ear diameter (cm):
- The ear diameter had significantly affected by the all main effects (irrigation, proline and hybrids) in the both seasons, expect irrigation and proline had non-significantly effect on ear diameter in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.
- The thickest ears were obtained by irrigation at 11 day and hybrid T.C. 321 in the both seasons, as well as control and 200 ppm proline in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.
- The all first and second order interactions did not show any significant influenced on the ear diameter in both seasons.
- The thickest ears were detected by (hybrid T.C. 321 x irrigation at 11 day), (hybrid T.C. 321 x 200 ppm proline) and (irrigation at 11 day x either control or 200 ppm proline) as well as (hybrid T.C. 321 x 200 ppm proline x irrigation at 11 day interval) in both seasons.
3- Number of rows/ear:
- The number of rows/ear exerted significantly influenced by maize hybrids in both season and by irrigation interval in the 1st season only.
- The highest mean values for number of rows/ear were recorded by hybrid S.C. 321, irrigation at 11 day and 200 ppm proline in the both seasons.
- The first order interaction HxP exerted a significantly influenced on the number of rows/ear in the 2nd season only.
- The highest mean values for the number of rows/ear were detected by the first and second order interaction treatments i.e. (hybrid T.C. 321 x irrigation at 11 day), (hybrid T.C. 321 x 200 ppm proline), (100 ppm and 200 ppm x irrigation at 11 day) as well as (100 ppm and 200 ppm x T.C. 321 x irrigation at 11 day) in the both seasons.
4- Number of grains/row:
- The irrigation interval and maize hybrids had a highly significant effect on number of grains/row in the 2nd season only. The highest number of grains/row were recorded by irrigation at 11 day, 200 ppm proline and hybrid S.C. 10 in both seasons.
- The second order interaction HxPxI declared a significantly effect on the number of grains/row in the 2nd season only.
- The highest mean values for number of grains/row were stated by the first and second order interaction treatments i.e. (hybrid S.C. 10 x irrigation at 11 day), (hybrid S.C. 10 x control and 200 ppm proline) and (control and 200 ppm proline x irrigation at 11 day) as well as (control and 200 ppm proline x irrigation at 11 day x hybrid S.C. 10) in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.
5- Grains weight/ear (g)
- The main irrigation interval only had a highly significant effect on the grains weight/ear in both seasons.
- The irrigation at 11 day interval and (control) without proline in both seasons as well as hybrids S.C. 10 and T.C. 321 in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively, gave the maximum mean values for grains weight/ear.
- The all first and second order interactions did not show any significantly influenced on the grains weight/ear in both seasons.
- The maximum grains weight/ear values were obtained by the first and second order interaction treatments i.e. (irrigation at 11 day x hybrids S.C. 10), (hybrid S.C. 10 x P0 (control) and (P0 (control) x irrigation at 11 day interval) as well as (hybrid S.C. 10 x control x irrigation at 11 day interval) and (hybrid S.C. 10 x control x irrigation at 16 day interval) in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.
6- 100-grain weight (g):
- The maize hybrids and irrigation intervals in the 1st and 2nd seasons had a significantly and highly significant effect on the 100-grain weight, respectively.
- The heaviest 100 grain were detected by irrigation at 11 day interval and hybrid T.C. 321 in both seasons and (control and 100 ppm proline) in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.
- The all first and second order interactions did not show any significant influenced on the 100 grain weight in the both seasons.
- The highest mean values for 100-grain weight were obtained by the first and second order interaction treatments: (hybrid T.C. 321 x irrigation at 11 day interval), (hybrid T.C. 321 x control and 100 ppm proline) and (control x irrigation at 11 day interval) as well as (hybrid T.C. 321 x 100 ppm proline x irrigation at 11 day interval) in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.
7- Shelling percentage (%):
- The shelling percentage had a non-significant influenced by all the main effects in the both season.
- The best values for shelling % were obtained by irrigation at 11 day interval, 200 ppm proline and hybrid T.C. 321 in both seasons.
- The all first and second order interactions did not show any significantly effect on the shelling % in the both seasons.
- The highest mean values for the shelling % were recorded by the first order interaction treatments: (hybrid T.C. 321 x irrigation at 11 day interval), (hybrid T.C. 321 x 200 ppm proline) and (100 ppm proline x irrigation at 11 day interval) in both seasons, as well as (hybrid T.C. 321 x irrigation at 11 day interval x 100 ppm proline) and (hybrid T.C. 321 x irrigation at 16 day interval x 200 ppm proline) in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.
8- Grain yield/fed. (ard.):
- The irrigation intervals in both seasons; proline and maize hybrids in the 1st season had a highly significant effected on the grain yield/fed., as well as proline exerted significantly influenced on this trait in the 2nd season.
- The maximum grain yield/fed. (ard.) were recorded by irrigation at 11 day interval in both seasons and (hybrid S.C. 10 and hybrid T.C. 321) and (control and 100 ppm proline) in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.
- The first order interactions HxP and PxI had significantly influenced on the grain yield/fed. in the 1st season only. The other interactions either in 1st or/and 2nd season(s) did not significantly influenced of this trait.
The maximum grain yield/fed. (ard.) were recorded by the first and second order interaction treatments: (hybrid S.C. 10 x irrigation at 11 day), (hybrid S.C. 10 x control and 100 ppm proline) and (irrigation 11 day interval x control and 100 ppm proline) as well as (hybrid S.C. 10 x irrigation at 11 day interval x control and 100 ppm proline) in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.