الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 82 |  |  |
| | | from | 82 | | |
Abstract
Two field experiments were carried out during two summer seasons 2018 and 2019 at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, to study the impact of foliar spray by some microelements on yield and its components of maize crop. The two maize hybrids [Single Cross (S.C.) 10 and Triple Cross (T.C.) 321]; three microelements (M1= B, M2= Zn and M3= Mn) and three foliar spray (S0= 0 (control= water only), S1= (25, 50 and 34 ppm B., Zn and Mn) and S2= (50, 100 and 68 ppm Mn) used. Experimental design was randomized complete block design (RCBD) using split-plot in strips, where microelements allocated in the main vertically, foliar spray were arranged in the main horizontally and maize hybrids were occupied the sub-plots.
The grains of maize hybrids were sown on 19 of June and 14 of July in the first and second seasons, respectively. The plots area were 3x3.5 m2 (the plot including 5 ridges of 0.7 m apart with 3 m length).
The results could be summarized as the following:
I- Growth traits:
1- Plant height (cm):
- The plant height was reacted significantly to foliar microelements spray (S) in the 1st season, as well as it was reacted a highly significant to maize hybrids (H) in both seasons and the tallest plants were recorded by Zn treatment and Single Cross 10 in both seasons and [(foliar 25, 50 and 34 B, Zn and Mn) and (control)] in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.
- The plant height had a significantly affected by the second order interaction (HxMxS) in the 1st season only.
- The tallest plants were detected by the first and second order interaction treatments: (hybrid S.C. 10 x Zn and B treatments); (hybrid S.C. 10 x foliar 25, 50 and 34 ppm B, Zn and Mn and control) and (foliar 50 ppm x Zn), as well as (hybrid S.C. 10 x foliar 50 ppm x Zn treatment and control) in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.
2- Ear height (cm):
- The ear height exerted significantly influenced by foliar microelements spray (S) in the 1st season, as well as it exerted highly significant influenced by maize hybrids (H) in both seasons, and the highest mean values for ear height were recorded by Zn treatment and hybrid S.C. 10 in both seasons, and [(foliar 25, 50 and 34 ppm B, Zn and Mn) and (foliar 50, 100 and 68 ppm B, Zn and Mn)] in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.
- The all first and second order interaction did not show any significantly influenced on the ear height in the both seasons.
- The first and second order interactions treatments: (hybrid S.C. 10 x Zn treatment); (hybrid S.C. 10 x foliar 25, 50 and 34 B, Zn and Mn); (foliar 50 ppm x Zn treatment) and (hybrid S.C. 10 x foliar 50 ppm x Zn treatment) in the 1st season gave the highest mean values for ear height.
II- Yield attributes and yield traits:
1- Ear length (cm):
- The ear length had highly significant affected by maize hybrids in the 1st season only.
- The longest ears were recorded by hybrids S.C. 10 in the both seasons, as well as (B and Mn treatments) and [(foliar 25, 50 and 34 ppm) and (50, 100 and 68 ppm B, Zn and Mn)] in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.
- The first order interaction HxS exerted a significantly influenced on the ear length in the 2nd season only.
- The longest ears were detected by (hybrid S.C. 10 x Zn treatment) and (hybrid S.C. 10 x foliar 68 ppm x Mn) in the both seasons as well as (hybrid S.C. 10 x control) and (foliar 68 ppm x Mn treatment) in the 2nd season.
2- Ear diameter (cm):
- The ear diameter had significantly affected by foliar microelements spray (S) in the both seasons, as well as it had highly significant affected by maize hybrid in the 2nd season.
- The thickest ears were obtained by B treatment and foliar 25, 50 and 34 B, Zn and Mn in the 1st season as well as hybrid T.C. 321 in the 2nd season.
- The second order interactions (HxMxS) exerted significant influenced on the ear diameter in the 1st season only.
- The thickest ears were detected by (hybrid T.C. 321 x B or Mn treatment); (hybrid T.C. 321 x foliar 25, 50 and 34 ppm B, Zn and Mn) and (foliar 50 ppm x Zn or foliar 34 ppm x Mn treatment) as well as (hybrid T.C. 321 x foliar 34 ppm x Mn treatment) in the 1st season.
3- Number of rows/ear:
- The number of rows/ear exerted highly significant influenced by maize hybrids in both season and by foliar microelement spray in the 2nd season only.
- The highest mean values for number of rows/ear were recorded by hybrid T.C. 321 in both seasons, as well as B and Zn treatments and [(25, 50 and 34 ppm B, Zn and Mn) and (50, 100 and 68 ppm B, Zn and Mn)] in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.
- The all first and second order interactions did not show any significant influenced on the ear diameter in both seasons.
- The highest mean values for the number of rows/ear were detected by the first and second order interaction treatments i.e. (hybrid T.C. 321 x Zn treatment); (hybrid T.C. 321 x foliar 50, 100 and 68 ppm B, Zn and Mn); (foliar 68 ppm x Mn) and (hybrid T.C. 321 x foliar 68 ppm x Mn) in the 2nd season.
4- Number of grains/row:
- The foliar microelements and hybrids had significantly and a highly significant effect on number of grains/row in the 1st season only, respectively. The highest number of grains/row were recorded by hybrid S.C. 10 in both seasons, as well as B treatment and foliar 50, 100 and 68 ppm B, Zn and Mn in the 1st season.
- The first order interaction (MxS) declared a significant effect, as well as the first and second order interaction (HxM) and (HxMxS) declared a highly significant effect on the number of grains/row in the 1st season only.
- The highest mean values for number of grains/row were stated by the first and second order interaction treatments i.e. (hybrid S.C. 10 x Mn treatment), (hybrid S.C. 10 x foliar 25 or 50, 50 or 100 and 34 or 68 ppm B, Zn and Mn) and (foliar 68 ppm x Mn) as well as (hybrid T.C. 321 x foliar 68 ppm x Mn treatment) in the 1st season.
5- Grains weight/ear (g)
- The grains weight/ear reacted significantly or highly significant to the three main effects: microelement, foliar microelements spray and maize hybrids in the both seasons.
- The B and Mn treatments, (foliar 25, or 50, 50 or 100 and 34 or 68 ppm B, Zn and Mn) and (hybrids S.C. 10 and T.C. 321) in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively, gave the maximum mean values for grains weight/ear.
- The first and second order interactions (HxM), (MxS) and (HxMxS) exerted a highly significant influenced on the grains weight/ear in 1st season.
- The maximum grains weight/ear values were obtained by the first and second order interaction treatments i.e. (B treatment x hybrid S.C. 10), (Hybrid S.C. 10 x foliar 25, 50 and 34 ppm B, Zn and Mn) and (foliar 25 ppm x B treatment) as well as (hybrid S.C. 10 x foliar 25 ppm x B treatment) in the 1st season.
6- 100-grain weight (g):
- The maize hybrids (H) had a significantly effect on the 100-grain weight in the 1st season only.
- The heaviest 100 grain were detected by hybrid T.C. 321 in both seasons, as well as B treatment and foliar 25, 50 and 34 ppm B, Zn and Mn in the 1st season.
- The all first and second order interactions did not show any significant influenced on the 100 grain weight in the both seasons.
- The highest mean values for 100-grain weight were obtained by the first and second order interaction treatments: (hybrid T.C. 321 x Mn treatment), (hybrid T.C. 321 x foliar 25, 50 and 34 ppm B, Zn and Mn), and (foliar 34 ppm x Mn treatment), as well as (hybrid T.C. 321 x foliar 34 ppm x Mn treatment) in the 1st season.
7- Shelling percentage (%):
- The shelling percentage had a highly significant influenced by foliar microelements spray in the both season and by maize hybrids in the 2nd season.
- The best values for shelling % were obtained by hybrid T.C. 321 in both seasons, as well as by Zn and Mn treatments and (control and/or 50, 100 and 68 ppm B, Zn and Mn) in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.
- The first order interaction (MxS) had a significantly effect on the shelling % in the both seasons.
- The highest mean values for the shelling % were recorded by the first order interaction treatments: (hybrid T.C. 321 x Mn treatment), (hybrid T.C. 321 x foliar 50, 100 and 68 ppm B, Zn and Mn) and (foliar 68 ppm x Mn treatment), as well as (hybrid T.C. 321 x foliar 50 or 100 ppm x B or Zn treatments) in the 2nd season.
8- Grain yield/fed. (ard.):
- The foliar microelements spray in both season, microelements treatment and maize hybrid in the 1st season had a highly significant effected on the grain yield/fed.
- The maximum grain yield/fed. (ard.) were recorded by (B and Zn treatments), (foliar 25 or 50, 50 or 100 and 34 or 68 B, Zn and Mn) and (hybrid S.C. 10 and hybrid T.C. 321) in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.
- The all first and second order interaction HxM, HxS, MxS and HxMxS had a highly significant influenced on the grain yield/fed. in the 1st season only, as well as HxS interaction had significant influenced of this trait in the 2nd season.
- The maximum grain yield/fed. (ard.) were recorded by the first and second order interaction treatments: (hybrid S.C. 10 x Zn treatment), (hybrid S.C. 10 x foliar 25, 50 and 34 ppm B, Zn and Mn) and (foliar 25 ppm x B treatment) as well as (hybrid S.C. 10 x foliar 50 ppm x Zn treatment) in the 1st season.