الفهرس 
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Abstract
Background: Over the past decade, genotyping of Tuberculosis strains has become an increasingly valuable tool in tuberculosis control. Molecular epidemiology has helped to identify unsuspected transmission, determine likely locations of transmission, and measure the extent of transmission. Often traditional contact investigations focus on persons in the household and workplace. The Xpert MTB/Rif assay is a rapid test which identifies both the presence of M. tuberculosis and resistance to rifampicin in a single test. This can enable early and appropriate treatment initiation, as well as accelerating the implementation of MDR-TB control measures, and ultimately reducing TB case incidence.
Objective: Aim of the Study is to evaluate the GeneXpert test in diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in comparison with Z-N smear as a highly sensitive, specific and rapid laboratory tool coincident with LJ culture as a standard test.
Methods: This descriptive study was carried out in Mansoura Chest Hospital from May 2015 to June 2016. A total of 165 subjects suspected to have active TB were included in present study. Sputum samples of each case divided on three methods of research; staining with ZN for AFB, GeneXpert MTB Rif assay and culture.
Results: GeneXpert (GX) test has 97.6% sensitivity and 81% specificity with 84.5% positive predictive value, 97% negative predictive value and shows 89.7% accuracy. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of GeneXpert MTB/RIF were 100%, 89.3%, 72%, 100% respectively.