الفهرس 
Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis (CRSwNP)Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Background: Nasal polyps are present in different nasal conditions but they are more frequent with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) and usually bilaterally from ethmoid sinus. The exact pathophysiology of polyp formation is not completely clear till now but recently it was suggested to be due to mediator release of eosinophils, mast cells and basophils. S100 proteins are calcium-binding proteins that have receptors distributed all over the human body with multiple intra and extracellular functions. The S100A subgroup includes multiple members expressed in respiratory epithelium and could be associated with polyp formation in CRSwNP.
Aim of the work: To detect the changes in nasal tissue levels of S100 proteins in CRSwNP in order confirm the relationship between S100 proteins and pathophysiology of polyp formation in CRSwNP.
Patients and methods: S100 protein levels were evaluated in the specimens by means of ELISA and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. In control group, only one specimen is taken from the mucosa of middle meatus while in CRSwNP group, two specimens were taken (mucosa from middle meatus and polyp tissue from the same side).
Results S100 protein levels are significantly higher in nasal polyp tissues from CRSwNP group compared to mucosal tissues from control group (p> 0.001). mucosal tissues showed higher level of S100 protein than polyp tissue in the same CRSwNP group (p= 0.01). Tissue expression of S100 assessed by IHC showed that S100 proteins were the highest in mucosal tissues of CRSwNP group followed by polyp tissue of the same group while mucosal tissues of control group showed the least S100 protein staining.
Conclusion: The increased expression of S100 proteins in CRSwNP tissues, as proved by ELISA and IHC, suggests that S100 proteins have a role in the pathophysiology of polyp formation in CRSwNP. Further trials are necessary on S100 levels and correlation with levels of neutrophils and macrophages in sinonasal tissues. Also changes in S100 levels after treatment could be a useful parameter in further trials.