الفهرس 
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Abstract
SUMMARY
Hemophilia can be defined as a group of inherited coagulation disorders resulting in recurrent bleeding episodes. Hemophilia can be classified according to etiology into two main types, hemophilia A occurring due to factor VIII deficiency and hemophilia B occurring due to factor IX deficiency. Both of them are X-linked inherited disorders that appear in male children of carrier mothers. Hemophilia A is more common than hemophilia B , appearing in about 1 in each 5,000 live male births as compared to hemophilia B, which occurs in about 1 for each 30,000 male births.
Severity of the disease is related to factor activity level. Patients with severe hemophilia can experience bleeding episodes spontaneously or after minimal trauma. Morbidity and mortality are related to bleeding complications. Individuals with hemophilia may bleed into their joints, brain, , deep muscles or head and neck tissues creating life threatening emergencies. Progressive and early arthritis and disability may occur due to repeated destruction of joint cartilage.
Treatment of hemophilia depends on factor replacement therapy as the corner stone, Factor VIII replacement for treatment of hemophilia A and facto IX replacement for treatment of hemophilia B. Factor replacement therapy is used to treat acute episodes of bleeding, or as prophylaxis. These factors can be obtained from human plasma or manufactured (recombinant products).
Viral infections as Hepatitis B and C, and HIV can be transmitted to hemophilic patients during blood transfusion process and it represents a major therapeutic problem.
The aim of this study is to focus on the occurrence of transfusion-transmitted infections in pediatric patients with hemophilia in Beni-Sueif governorate.
It is a cross sectional observational study that was carried on 50 children aging from birth to 18 years old in pediatric hematology unit in Beni-Suef university hospital in which All patients were subjected to Detailed medical history obtained from their parents and full clinical examination and they did abdominal ultrasonography and serological tests as hepatitis B virus surface antigen ,hepatitis C virus antibodies ,human immunodeficiency virus antibodies and liver function tests after approval of internal ethical committee.
The main results of the study revealed that:
• Male gender was 90% of the study populations, 66% of the study population were rural and family history was positive in 58% of the patients.
• The mean age of the study group was (7.36±3.7) and the mean number of transfusions was (6.12±3.4).
• Hemophilia A represents 70 % of the study group. The most frequent presentations was joint bleeding (58%) followed by ecchymosis (50%) while bleeding from mucus membranes was only 38%. None of the patients presented with hematuria or ICH.
• None of our patients had hepatosplenomegaly or liver cell failure.-
• HCV was found in 20 % of the study population. None of them had HBV or HIV infection.
• ALT, AST, bilirubin, PT and PTT were significantly higher in positive HCV group than in negative HCV group.
• Age was significantly higher in HCV positive group (p=.01).
• Patients with HCV have significantly higher four/month and two /month rates of transfusions.