الفهرس 
Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape gardeningOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This study was conducted to use the tissue culture techniques in order to propagate
Squill (Urginea maritima) through estimating the best type of explant and the most convenient concentrations of applied plant growth regulators to achieve the best
micropropagation protocol. Disc plate and Bulb leaves were used as explants. This work was conducted at the plant tissue culture laboratory of the Floriculture and Landscape Gardening Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, during both seasons of 2017 and
2018.
The present study included three major experiments; the first experiment was to find the most suitable micropropagation protocols for Urginea maritima using disc plate and bulb leaves explants. The explants were sterilized by immersing the explants in Ethyl alcohol 70%
for 5 min followed by Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) was used at a concentration of 0.1 mg/100 ml distilled water for 15 min.
Regarding the initiation stage (callus induction stage), disc plate and bulb leaves were cultured on MS basal-medium (1962) that was supplemented with NAA at four
concentrations: 0, 1, 2 and 3 mg/l, in a combination with BA at four concentrations: 0, 0.1,
0.2, and 0.3 mg/l.
The second experiment, concerning the multiplication stage, the induced callus was recultured
on MS basal-medium and supplemented with NAA at three concentrations: 1,2 and 3
mg/l in combination with BA at three concentrations 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5.
The third experiment was the extraction of active ingredients from bulbs of plants and
from callus which produced in vitro by using Gas chromatography- mass spectrometer (GCMS)
apparatus.
The means of the following characters were determined starting from 2 months of
growth till 3 months (number of days for callus induction, fresh weight, dry weight, number
of shoots and plant height).
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations
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The main obtained results of this study can be summarized as follows:
5.1 initiation stage (Callus induction stage) Respecting the main effect of using Bulb leaves as explant resulted in the highest mean of number of days for callus induction while using disc plate as explant gave the highest mean in fresh weight and dry weight.On the other hand, the effect of NAA declared that
augmenting the basal medium with it at 2 mg/l brought about the highest mean value of all characters (number of days for callus induction, fresh weight and dry weight). Otherwise, the effect of BA showed that when media free of it produced highest mean in number of days for
callus induction and its presence in the medium culture resulted in the highest mean fresh weight at 0.2 mg/l and 0.1 mg/l for mean dry weight.
5.2 Multiplication stage The results indicated that using bulb leaves as explant produced the highest mean in
number of shoots while using bulb leaves and disc plate gave the highest mean in plant height. Also, the addition of NAA to the culture medium at 1 mg/l showed the highest mean number of shoot and at 2 or 3 mg/l resulted the highest mean plant height. The best
concentration of BA to produce the highest mean number of shoots and plant height at 0.2 mg/l.
5.3 Extraction of chemical composition in callus The GC-MS analysis of methanolic extract of Urginea maritima indicated different
compounds and fatty acids which used as antibacterial, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory,
antiarthritic, antiasthma, diuretic, antioxidant, prevention of certain cancers, including
ovarian, prostate, breast, and colon cancers, Heart protection, Hepatoprotective, Antimalaria,
dermatologic agent against achne, prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy and Hypocholesterolemic.