الفهرس 
Effect of seaweed extract and dry yeast as biofertilizer on vegetative growth and oil yield of Ocimum basilicum, L.Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The investigation was carried out at the nursery of the Department of the Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University during the two success seasons of 2017 and 2018 to study the effect of seaweed extract and dry yeast as biofertilizer on vegetative growth and oil yield of Ocimum basilicum L.
The experiment was used seaweed extract sprayed with 5 levels (0, 1, 2, 3and 4 g/l) and the biofertilizer was the active dry yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) sprayed with 4 levels (0, 2, 4 and 6 g/l) as well as the interaction between them at 4 times in each season.
The experimental design was a split plot design, including 20 treatments. Each treatment was replicated 3 times, each treatment consisted of 5plants as a plot. The main factor was active dry yeast, and the sub factor was seaweed extract.
The following parameters were studied at harvesting time of each cut:-
Vegetative growth:-
Plant height (cm/plant), number of branches/plant, number of leaves/plant, fresh weight of leaves (g/plant), dry weight of leaves (g/plant), total fresh weight (g/plant), and leaf area (cm2).
Chemical constituents:-
Total chlorophyll content (mg/g F.W), nitrogen %, phosphorus %, potassium % and total carbohydrates %.
Essential oil parameters: -
Oil percentage %, oil yield /plant (ml) and oil composition.
The results of this work could be summarized in following points:-
5.1. Effect of dry yeast:-
5.1.1.On vegetative growth :-
The biofertilizer led to enhancement to the most of vegetative growth characters and yield traits responded significantly to all rates of active dry yeast of basil plants as compared with control treatment.
There was no significant effect on the plant height of sweet basil plants.
The treatment of 6 g/l in the two cuts of the two seasons had the most effect on basil number of branches/plant, number of leaves, leaf area, total fresh weight/plant, leaves fresh weights, leaves dry weights compared with untreated plant.
For number of leaves there was significant effect, except the second cut in the second seasons and the best result obtained with 6 g/l.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
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5.1.2 On essential oil and chemical constituents:
There was a significant effect for all the treatment on the oil percentage, oil yield ”ml/plant”, contents of potassium and carbohydrates in leaves of Ocimum basilicum with untreated plants.
The highest value was obtained by 6 g/l dry yeast in the four cuts.
There was no significant effect of dry yeast on contents of nitrogen and phosphorus.
Total chlorophyll content, in the first season there was no significant effect in the first cut but there was significant effect in the second cut and the both cuts of the second season. The best result was obtained with using 6 g/l.
5.2. Effect of seaweed:
5.2.1. On vegetative growth:-
The most of vegetative growth characters of basil plants ”number of branches, total fresh weight” increased by increasing the rates of seaweed till 4 g/l in the both cuts of the two seasons.
For plant height and number of leaves there was a significant effect except the second cut in the first season. The tallest plants resulted from using 4 g/l.
There were no significant effects of seaweed treatments on the leaves fresh weight and leaves dry weight in both cuts of the first season but in the second season there was significant effect. The best result was obtained by using 4 g/l in both cuts.
For leaf area (cm2) there was significant effect except the first cut in the first season. The best result was obtained with using 4 g/l.
5.2.2 On essential oil and Chemical constituents:
All seaweed treatments had a significant effect on basil leaves contents of total chlorophyll, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and total carbohydrates” compared with untreated plants. The highest value was obtained by 4 g/l.
The highest essential oil percentage was obtained from the fresh leaves of plants which were sprayed with 4 g/l in the both cuts of the both seasons.
For oil yield per plant there was significant effect in the both cuts of the both seasons. The highest yield was obtained by spraying with 4 g/l.
5.3. Effect of the interaction between dry yeast and seaweed :-
5.3.1. On vegetative growth :-
The most of vegetative growth characters and yield traits responded significantly to the combination of active dry yeast with seaweed extract as biofertilizer on basil plants.
Plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, leaves fresh weights, leaves dry weights, total weights, and leaf area were affected significantly with spraying plants by dry yeast and seaweed. As a general the treatment namely 6 g/l + 4 g/l gave the best combination between the dry yeast and seaweed.
5.3.2 On essential oil and chemical constituents:
There was a significant effect for the interaction on oil percentage compared with untreated plants. The best percentage was recorded by using 4 g/l dry yeast with 4 g/l seaweed in the first cuts in both seasons and by using 6 g/l dry yeast with 4 g/l seaweed in the second cuts in both seasons.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
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For oil yield, there was a significant effect in the both cuts of the both seasons. The best result was obtained with spraying by 6 g/l dry yeast with 4 g/l seaweed.
There was significant increase in total chlorophyll content of sweet basil leaves by using the interaction among the treatments of dry yeast and seaweed in the four cuts. The best value was recorded by using 6 g/l dry yeast with 4 g/l seaweed.
There was significant effect of the interaction among the treatment of dry yeast and seaweed on N and K contents of basil leaves in the second cut of the second season. The best percentage was recorded by using 6 g/l dry yeast with 4 g/l seaweed.
There was significant effect of the interaction among the treatment of dry yeast and seaweed on P content of basil leaves in the second cut of the second season. The best percentage was recorded by using 4 g/l dry yeast with 3 g/l seaweed.
There was significant effect for the interaction on the content of carbohydrates in leaves of Ocimum basilicum. The best combination of dry yeast and seaweed treatments was found to be 6 g/l dry yeast with 4 g/l seaweed.
The major components of sweet basil essential oil were linalool, the highest percentage (52.16-79.55%) was obtained by using 6 g/l dry yeast with control (0 g/l) seaweed.
Estragole, the highest percentage (5.14-11.79%) was obtained by using 6 g/l dry yeast with 1 g/l seaweed.
Eucalyptol, the highest percentage (1.54-9.72%) was obtained by using 4 g/l dry yeast with 2 g/l seaweed.
Methyl cinnamate, the highest percentage (1.12-10.37%) was obtained by using 0 g/l dry yeast with 4 g/l seaweed.
Tau-cadinol, the highest percentage (1.01-6.97%) was obtained by using 2 g/l dry yeast with 2 g/l seaweed.
Trans-α-bergamotene, the highest percentage (1.23-5.18%) was obtained by using 0 g/l dry yeast with 0 g/l seaweed.
Bornyl acetate, the highest percentage (1.12-4.53%) was obtained by using 2 g/l dry yeast with 4 g/l seaweed.
5.4. Conclusion:
For the bio-organic cultivation system we recommended economically and environmentally to fertilize sweet basil by spray bio fertilization as dry yeast at the rate 4 or 6 g/l with spray the plants by seaweed at the rate 4 g/l to obtain the best growth, oil yield, and safe for human-being, chemical composition of Ocimum basilicum, L,