الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was conducted to throw the light on the effects of moxifloxacin (5 mg/kg by I.M), flunixin meglumine (2.5 mg/kg by S.C) and their combination (by the same doses and routes) on pregnant rats and developing foeti during gestation.The effects of moxifloxacin (5 mg/kg by I.M), flunixin meglumine (2.5 mg/kg by S.C) and their combination on foetal development were investigated on 45 mature female albino rats using 20 mature male albino rats for mating purpose. Pregnancy was confirmed by noticing the mating process, once mating occurred this considered the first day of pregnancy.Grouping and drug administration:The pregnant rats were divided into 7 groups as the following:The first group (G1): given saline subcutaneously, as a control gathering.The second group (G2): given moxifloxacin 5mg/kg b.wt intramuscular, once every day, the sixth day of incubation for seven days.The third group (G3): given moxifloxacin 5mg/kg b.wt intramuscular, once every day, the thirteenth day of development for seven days. The fourth group: given flunixin meglumine 2.5mg/kg b.wt. Subcutaneous, once day by day, the sixth day of growth for seven days.The fifth group: given flunixin meglumine 2.5mg/kg b.wt. Subcutaneous, when every day, the thirteenth day of development for seven days.The sixth group: given flunixin meglumine 2.5mg/kg b.wt. Subcutaneous, and moxifloxacin 5mg/kg b.wt intramuscular once day by day, the sixth day of incubation for seven days.The seventh group: given flunixin meglumine 2.5mg/kg b.wt. Subcutaneous, and moxifloxacin 5mg/kg b.wt intramuscular once every day, the thirteenth day of incubation for seven days.Daily vaginal smears were examined and the female proved to be in estrus was paired with a male in a separate cage. In the following morning a vaginal smear was taken to verify the first day of gestation. Presence of sperms in the obtained vaginal smear indicates zero day of gestation.On the 20th day, each dam was weighed; anaesthetized and caesarian sections were performed to determine the effects of tested drug on foetal development by morphological, visceral, skeletal and histopathological examinations.The observed morphological deformities on 6th and 13th day of pregnancy in response to administration of moxifloxacin (5 mg/kg by I.M), flunixin meglumine (2.5 mg/kg by S.C) and their combination during evoked a significant decrease in the mean values of viable foeti, a non-significant alteration in the mean value of dead foeti, a non-significant change in pre-implantation death and a significant increase in post-implantation death, a significant decrease in the mean values foetal body weight and foetal crown- rump compared with the control group.The most frequently encountered discernible visceral malformations in the foeti obtained from dams given moxifloxacin (5 mg/kg by I.M), flunixin meglumine (2.5 mg/kg by S.C) and their combination were thickening of the ventricular wall of the heart and hemorrhage of the brain.Under the influence of the drugs administered on 6th and 13th day of gestation period, the results obtained showed that, there were absence and or incomplete of ossification of cranium, skull, metacarpal and metatarsal bones and phalanges in foeti of treated pregnant dams.