الفهرس 
الفصل الاولOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Metalworking fluids (MWFs) are applied in various manufacturing processes to improve process productivity; the chemical composition of applied MWFs includes many additives with various functional rules with percentages depending on the MWF Type and application. They must also be safe for human use and exposure, the failure of the fluid to perform any of its functions has the potential to result in operational problems, process shutdowns, decreased tool life, and product-quality issues, all of which will result in increased costs.
In this work we prepared additives which fulfill the criteria of successful local production in Egypt, as the commercial availability of starting components, effectiveness of the prepared additive, easiness of addition and homogenization with other MWF additives, good environmental profile and biodegradability.
The chemical synthesis basically was esterification reactions resulting in various types of additives including antimicrobial, antiwear, anticorrosion, extreme pressure, lubricant, and emulsifier.
The effectiveness of the prepared additive was evaluated by lab standard methods products, entered in MWFs formulation evaluation for soluble oils, semisynthetic MWF, and fully synthetic MWFs, subjected to field trials for different applications in factory. Finally, preliminary feasibility study confirms the economic effectiveness for large scale production.