الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Shock is defined as a clinical state of tissue hypoperfusion to level sufficient to interfere with cellular function and metabolism. Shock can be caused by many etiologies including hypovolemic, cardiogenic, obstructive, and distributive subtypes. However, in real-life scenarios, the shock state could be either multifactorial or even undifferentiated . Empiric fluid therapy is still the cornerstone first-line treatment of shock as an attempt to augment the cardiac output depending on the physiological basis of Frank-Starling Law . Due to varying shapes that the Frank-Starling curve could take depending on the ventricular systolic function, a fluid challenge could lead to either a significant or a negligible increase in stroke volume and cardiac output. Surprisingly, only 50% of patients respond properly to fluid administration . This study aimed to measure the diagnostic accuracy of Carotid blood flow (CBF) and Corrected carotid Flow Time (CFTC) in predicting fluid responsiveness in hemodynamically unstable patients admitted to Emergency Medicine Department critical care unit in the period from January 2018 to January 2020. This was achieved by correlating changes in both parameters with changes in stroke volume measured non-invasively with Transthorathic Echocardiography (TTE) as a reference test. Patients with non-sinus rhythm, documented carotid artery stenosis, valvular lesions, or documented congestive heart failure were excluded.