الفهرس 
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Abstract
The colon is the last part of the gastrointestinal tract where water is absorbed and the remaining waste material is stored as feces before being removed by defecation. Histologically, its wall consists of the following layers: mucosa, submucosa, musculosa and adventitia or serosa.
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine diseases in the world characterized by the state of hyperglycemia. It is a systemic disease caused by defect in the insulin secretion, insulin action or even both. It is associated with a number of complications leading to retinopathy, nephropathy, peripheral neuropathy, angiopathy, impaired wound healing and gastrointestinal disturbance. Gastrointestinal symptoms include nausea, vomiting, early satiety, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea and fecal incontinence which may have negative impact on the patient’s quality of life.
Ocimum Basilicum is one of the most popular and widely grown herbs in the world. It belongs to family Lamiaceae (Mint family). It is called the “king of herbs” as it contains plenty of phytochemicals with significant nutritional as well as health benefits. It is used to treat a wide range of diseases especially in India. Basil is known to have numerous pharmacological activities as potent antioxidant, anti-aging, anticancer, antiviral, and antimicrobial properties.
The aim of this work is to throw some light on possible protective effect of Ocimum Basilicum on the biochemical, histological, histochemical, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical effects of diabetes on the colon of adult male albino rats.
Materials & methods:In this study, sixty (60) adult male albino rats were divided into four groups:
group I (negative control group): which received distilled water orally for 4weeks.
group II (positive control group): received ocimum basilicum essential oil at a dose of 400ml/kg orally for 4weeks.
group III (diabetic group): received single intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg/kg of alloxan dissolved in distilled water for induction of diabetes.
group IV (diabetic group with ocimum basilicum): received single intraperitoneal injection of 150mg/kg of alloxan for induction of diabetes and ocimum basilicum essential oil at a dose of 400ml/kg for 4 week.