الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract of propolis
(EEP) addition on resin based dental sealant with 10% concentration as regard;
Antibacterial effect on streptococcus mutans, Shear bond strength and
Microleakage, in comparison to fluoride releasing sealant and Conventional
(fluoride-free) resin-based pit and fissure sealant.
In the present study, a total number of 209 specimens were prepared, for
each test three groups were formed; group I was resin-based P&F sealant
containing 10% EEP, group II was fluoride releasing resin-based P&F sealant
and group III was conventional resin-based P&F sealant. For the antibacterial test
90 specimens were prepared, 30 in each group for the different time intervals. For
the measurement of the total flavonoid and fluoride ion release, 100 specimens
were prepared, 50 specimens in each test (5 specimens for each time interval).
For the shear bond strength test, 45 specimens were prepared, 15 specimens in
each group. And finally, for the microleakage test, 24 specimens were prepared
8 in each group.
Regarding FTIR, it was found that new bands were detected in the FTIR
spectra of the resin-based P&F sealant modified with 10% EEP which confirms
that there was a chemical bond formed between sealant and EEP.
In the antibacterial test, the modified resin-based P&F sealants with 10%
EEP showed a statistically significant difference when compared to the
conventional resin-based P&F sealant and the fluoride resin-based sealants within
all time intervals. Where, the highest mean value was found in group I after 1 dayof incubation while the lowest mean value was found in group III after 7, 14, 21
and 30 days of incubation.
Regarding the total flavonoid release test, there was an elevation in the
amount of flavonoids released by increasing time. Where, the highest flavonoid
release was after thirty days (2922.9 ppm) and the least one was after the first day (1860.4 ppm).
While regarding the fluoride ion release test, there was a decrease in the
amount of fluoride recorded by increasing time. Where, the highest fluoride
release was after the first day (6.03 ppm) and the least one was after thirty days (0.08
Regarding the shear bond strength test, the modified resin-based P&F
sealants with 10% EEP showed a significant difference when compared to the
conventional resin-based P&F sealant and the fluoride resin-based sealants.
where the highest mean value was found in group I followed by group III and
the least mean value was found in group II.
While, in the microleakage test, the modified resin-based P&F sealants
with 10% EEP was the only group that showed a statistically significant
difference in the same group between the different scores. Score 0 showed
significant difference when compared to both scores 1 & 2.