الفهرس 
AcknowledgementOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 139 |  |  |
| | | from | 139 | | |
Abstract
Osteoporosis is an important public health problem of the elderly, characterized by structural deterioration of bone and increased risk of fracture. The aim of the present study was to examine the changes that occur in bone tissue of experimental rats with induced osteoporosis after application of several treatment options: Teriparatide (TPTD), low level laser therapy (LLLT) and their combination.
This work was performed on 45 female albino rats. They were divided into control groups: normal control (NC) and osteoporotic control (OC) and experimental groups: Teriparatide (T), Laser (L) and combination (T+L) groups (9 each). First, induction of osteoporosis by ovariectomy took place in all groups except for NC group. Treatment started three months after the surgery to ensure induction of osteoporosis. Treatments were introduced to the experimental groups in the form of TPTD subcutaneous injection, LLLT application and combination of both for the T, L and T+L groups, respectively. Treatment lasted for another 3 months. Euthanizations were done on three time intervals throughout the treatment period (3 rats from each group at a time).
Specimens obtained were divided and assessed using various techniques. Half of the jaws and femur shafts were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for routine histolopathological examination. The other half of the jaws were sent for scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination to assess diameter of bone pores. This same portion of specimens were tested for calcium level using energy dispersive x-ray (EDAX) analysis equipped with the SEM. Femur heads were saved for measuring amino terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP) concentrations using ELISA. Before specimen division, all jaws and femurs were sent dry for bone mineral density assessment using computed tomography (CT). All the obtained data was statistically evaluated. Student’s T test, ANOVA, Bonferroni tests and effect size Cohen d were calculated and used to interpret and compare the mean values of all variables.
Our results showed improvements in the three treated groups when compared to OC group, as regards: increase in bone mineral density, decrease in diameter of bone pores, elevation in calcium levels and finally increase in PINP concentrations. The enhancements were seen as highest in T+L group followed by T and L groups. While T group showed narrower bone pore diameters and well organized bone architecture, L group showed higher calcium level and less organized bone configuration.
In conclusion, TPTD has osteogenic potential and was capable to enhance bone architecture by inducing formation of new well-organized bone with narrower bone pore diameter. On the other hand, LLLT could possibly be used as a good alternative local treatment strategy with minimal side effects and superior outcome, as it could improve bone strength by faster bone deposition and higher calcium content. Finally, combination of both TPTD and LLLT showed a synergistic beneficial effect on bones of experimental rats with induced OP. This could possibly overcome systemic side effects of high dose of TPTD, and limitations of LLLT application, as well as getting maximum benefit of uniformity and speedy new bone formation.