الفهرس 
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Abstract
1-Surgical site infections (SSIs) are developed within 30 days after a surgery procedure or within one year if an implant was inserted, among the most common hospital acquired infections. SSIs are responsible for increased readmission rates, length of stay, reoperation, patient morbidity and mortality, as well as increased overall health care costs. Risk factors of SSIs included that age, anemia, obesity, number of persons in operating room and operations of surgery were all significantly associated with SSI, effective infection control measures and good regular surveillance will improve the SSI rate to an acceptable level beyond 24 hours. The study aimed to assess the effect of risk factors on surgical site infection among patients with abdominal surgery through Identify the patients’ risk factors. Identify the relation between risk factors and surgical site infection. Research Questions What are the risks factors affecting occurrence of abdominal surgical site infection? What is the relation between risk factors and surgical site infection among the study group? The study was conducted in the surgical departments (male and female) at Benha University hospital. It included 80 patients with abdominal surgery in the previous mentioned setting at Benha University Hospital Tools of data collection Four tools were utilized for data sheet collection Tool one demographic data about patients under study as six, age, gender ,occupation , residence and education level Tool two Medical data sheet: included date of admission, diagnosis, smoking, past surgical history, current medication and diagnostic investigation, date of discharge and number of days before surgery operation. Tool three: risk factors questionnaire: It contained two parts. They included: Part one: It included preoperative phase as height, weight, BMI, vital signs, preoperative antibiotics, site of shaving, bathing with antimicrobial soap, preoperative exercises range of motion, exercises turning, mobility, breathing and coughing exercises preoperative medication administration bowel preparation, with holding food and fluid . Part two: It contained postoperative phase as vital signs measurements, fever, post-operative antibiotic, and obtain swab culture from the site of operation. Tool IV: wound assessment sheet as dressing bleeding, pain, tenderness, edema, hotness, wound dehiscence and evisceration,4- discoloration of wound, assessment of wound discharges as color, amount, odor and content.