الفهرس 
Introduction and aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The present study was carried out at the Clinical Pathology Department, Minia University, Minia ,Egypt . It was conducted on 70 consecutive patients attending to Gynecology and Obstetrics outpatient clinics, Gynecology, Obstetrics and Pediatric Hospital during the period from December 2018 to June 2019 and 70 apparently healthy females as control.
All subjects were classified into the following groups.
group І: Included 70 women with previous history of unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss. Their ages ranged from 23 to 39 years. group I was further subdivided into two subgroups :
group Іa : 23 women with history of two consecutive recurrent pregnancy loss.
group Іb : 47 women with history of more than two times abortions either consecutive or not .
group ІІ: Included 70 apparently healthy women with matched age to group І. Their ages ranged from 24 to 39 years .They had normal obstetric history with no history of abortions. They have at least two normal pregnancies without complications and were not pregnant at the time of the study.
All subjects were submitted to the following:
1- Complete history taking : included age, menstrual history, obstetric history (prenatal, natal, postnatal), number of abortions, gynecological history, contraception history, family history (history of abortion in the family, history of DVT), history of operations and drug history were specifically considered.
2- Complete clinical and radiological examination : Including abdominal and pelvic ultrasound to exclude the local causes of abortion.
3- Laboratory investigations including both routine and special investigations:
(A) Routine laboratory investigations: included blood count; prothrombin concentration (PC) and INR, activated partial thromboplastin time (PTT), blood glucose level, HBA1C , liver function , renal function and thyroid function tests. HBA1C and thyroid function tests were revised from the patients files .
(B) Special laboratory investigations included :
1-Coagulation tests:
• Lupus anticoagulant screening test (PTT LA).
• D-Dimer.
2- Molecular studies: qualitative analysis of the following studied genes by real time PCR.
• Prothrombin gene G20210A.
• factor V Leiden G1691A.
• MTHFR A1298C
• MTHFR C677T.
• MTR A2756G.
• MTRR A66G.