الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is a novel approach for intra and post-operative pain management. It blocks the innervation of the anterolateral abdominal wall derived from T6-L1 thus providing adequate post-operative pain relieve following the various abdominal surgeries. Recently with the increasing availability of ultrasound devices more accurate administration of TAP block has been attained. The duration of analgesia provided by TAP block is mainly dependent on the pharmacologic characteristic of the used local anesthetic. Bupivacaine in concentrations of 0.25% is the most widely used. Various adjuvants to local anesthetic has been studied in an aim to increase duration of analgesia and decrease the adverse events and/or effects.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and side effects of midazolam as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in ultra sound guided TAP block following caesarean section deliveries.
After approval of Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine and taking a written informed consent from the patients, the present study was carried out in El Shatby University Hospital for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandria, Egypt on 50 healthy pregnant females who were admitted for elective caesarean section delivery after full term pregnancy under spinal anaesthesia. All 50 participants age was between 18 to 45 years with an American Society of Anaesthesiologists classification (ASA) physical status I or II.
The sample size was calculated by the department of Medical Statistics of the Medical Research Institute, Alexandria, Egypt. A sample size of 50 healthy pregnant females (25 per group) was needed to detect an assumed average proportional difference in pain score (VAS) between group (I) and group (II) taking in consideration 95% confidence level and 80% power using Chi Square-test. (PASS program version 20).