الفهرس 
Skin and beautyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Summary
Face is the mirror for all changes that appear by the effect of the passage of time. Aging is a complex natural phenomenon that underlies multiple influences, with the probable involvement of heritable and various environmental factors such as ultraviolet rays and smoking. It is clinically manifested as wrinkles, skin thinning, skin sagging and altered facial contour.
Marionette lines are imaginary lines located in the middle of the upper part of the depressor anguli oris muscle. They are one of the most annoying signs of aging in lower face. They occur mainly due to changes in dentition, blunting of the alveolar ridge and early mechanical failure of buccomaxillary ligament and the mandibular ligament because they are susceptible to additional stress exerted by the progressive descent of the midface.
Many modalities are developed over years to obtain younger, youthful appearance. Because of the dangerous complications of the surgical procedures, new researches are done to find less invasive effective procedures. Polydiaxonone thread lifting technique is one of this procedures. PDO threads are polymerized, non-barbed, thin threads (0.07-0.15mm) which could be unidirectional and /or bidirectional, they are more flexible than the other types of threads and with greater strength.
Autologous fat grafting has become a very important method for restoring facial soft-tissue atrophy that developed by the hand of passing years. It acts as a natural filler with long lasting effect in addition to presence of adipose stem cells which is responsible of the rejuvenating effect.