الفهرس 
Review of literature
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Abstract
Nephrotic Syndrome is a common chronic disorder, characterized by alterations of the permeability of the glomerular capillary wall, resulting in its inability to restrict the urinary loss of protein. The proteinuria in childhood NS is relatively selective, constituted primarily by albumin. It is characterized by edema, nephrotic range proteinuria (>40 mg/m²/h on timed sample, and hypoalbuminemia (<2.5 g/dl). (Hee, 2015)
Aim of the work of this study was to assess nutritional intake and anthropometric measures and biochemical analyses of children presenting with nephrotic syndrome attending Assuit University Children Hospital. Counseling parents about the recommended nutritional regimen with follow up for one year.
This study included all children (between age of 2 years and 18 year) with primary nephrotic syndrome during remission state (no clinically visible edema and no heavy proteinuria) who attended or admitted in the Nephrology unit and Nephrology clinic in Assuit University Children Hospital.
Also this study excluded Primary nephrotic syndrome patients during relapse state or resistant nephrotic syndrome, patients below 2 years and above 18 year. Patients with other diseases than primary nephrotic syndrome.
Each child was subjected to:
1- History of dietary intake (3-days diet record), what does your child eat in the breakfast, lunch and dinner? and how many snakes eat between?.
2- Length- or height-for-age percentile.
3- Length or height velocity-for-age percentile.
4- Weight for age percentile.
5- Weight velocity-for-age percentile.
6- BMI-forage percentile.
7- Data of investigations (serum albumin, serum cholesterol and protein in urine) were collected from the medical records.
The study included 68 patient with primary nephrotic syndrome in a remission state, their age ranged from 2 years to 18 year, 54 cases were male and 14 cases were female.
Results of the study showed that:
• Age distribution of the studied cases shows that age of most of cases was between7-12 year.
• Nephrotic syndrome was more common in male patients (79.4%) than in female.
• Daily caloric intake of the studied cases shows that most of cases have average caloric intake.
• Dialy protein intake of the studied cases, 70.6% of cases were low protein intake , 23.53 % of cases were average protein intake , 5.9% of cases were high protein intake
• Daily fat intake of the studied cases, 61.76 % of cases were average fat intake, 2.94 % of cases were low fat intake and 35.29 % of cases were high fat intake.
• Daily carbohydrate intake of the studied cases, 64.7 % of cases were average carbohydrate intake, 2.9% of cases were low carbohydrate intake and 32.4 % of cases were high carbohydrate intake.
• Daily sodium intake of the studied cases, 64.7 % of cases were high sodium intake, 32.4 % of cases were average sodium intake and 2.9 % of cases were low sodium intake.
• Daily calcium intake of the studied cases, 85.3 % of cases were average sodium intake, 14.7 % of cases were low sodium intake.
• Weight of the patient of the studied cases, 52.94 % of cases were normal weight for age, 11.76 % of cases were below 5th percentile, 35.29% of cases were above 97th percentile.
• Height of the patient of the studied cases, 94.12 % of cases were normal height for age, 5.88 % of cases were below 3rd percentile.
• Weight for age velocity over one year of the patient of the studied cases, 52.94 % of cases were normal weight velocity for age, 14.71% of cases slow weight velocity for age, 32.35% of cases become obese.
• Height for age velocity over one year of the patient of the studied cases, 70.59 % of cases were normal height velocity for age, 29.41 % of cases slow height velocity for age.
• Body mass index of the studied cases, 58.82 % of cases were normal body mass index for age, 38.24 % of cases were obese and 2.94 % of cases were underweight.
• Serum albumin of the studied cases, Serum albumin was 79.5 % of cases above 3.5mg/dl and between 3.5 – 2.5 mg/dl in 20.5 % of cases.
• Serum cholesterol of the studied cases was elevated in 94.1% of cases and was normal in 5.9% of cases.
• Protein in urine the studied cases, 94.12 % of the studied cases have negative protein in urine, 5.88 % of cases have mild proteinuria.