الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a big burden all over the world, about 10 % of the population suffered from CKD with more than one million deaths per year. Two million patients received dialysis or transplantation as a replacement of kidney function. CKD represent a large economic burden, for example in the United States of America the treatment cost exceeds 48 billion dollars per year which represents about 6.8 % of the total budget of the Medicare.
Causes of ESRD in Egypt include diabetes, hypertension, adult polycystic kidney disease and glomerulonephritis. According to 9th Annual Reporting of The Egyptian Renal Registry provided by Egyptian Society of Nephrology and Transplantation (ESNT), ESRD prevalence in Egypt increased to 483 patients per million. Mean age is around 49.6 ± 19 years. Males about 55.3 % while females were represent 44.7 %.
All patients are candidate for renal transplantation except for some absolute contraindications including significant current infection or malignant disease, noncompliance or substance abuse, uncontrolled psychosis and any severe disease that may limit life expectancy (<1 to 2 years).
The pathogenesis of chronic allograft nephropathy believed to be a giant network of immunological, metabolic, and hemodynamic alters in renal graft. The damage to a graft does not caused as a one entity, but the repetitive risks for graft injury from multiple pathogenic harms and the healing power of the host, modified by allo-immunity and immunosuppression.
Proteomics and metabolomics are the offspring of genomics that possess unprecedented possibilities to characterize unknown pathogenic pathways.
Genomics is a discipline in genetics that applies recombinant DNA, DNA sequencing methods, and bioinformatics to sequence, assemble, and analyze the function and structure of genomes (the complete set of DNA within a single cell of an organism)
In the last few years proteomics has become a powerful tool for the investigation of complex biochemical processes and protein-protein interactions.