الفهرس 
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Abstract
Healthcare-associated infections are a major challenge for hospitals and Healthcare personnel are at real risk for exposure to patients’ blood and body fluid through providing comprehensive and continuous care and consequential at risk of acquiring bloodborne pathogens.
Surgical operations provide opportunities for the transmission of infection between patients and healthcare workers (HCWs) and between patients. This risk may increase in under-developed and developing countries by low compliance with infection control in operation room.
Standard infection control precautions are designed to prevent cross transmission from recognized and unrecognized sources of infection. These sources of infection include blood and other body fluids secretions or excretions and any equipment or any items in the patient care which are likely to become contaminated.
The nurse is the member of the healthcare team who leads the rest of the team in practicing prevention strategies to protect the patient and other healthcare personnel from infection. All nurses have a role to play in infection control precautions in operation rooms. They assume a wide range of responsibilities to ensure safe and effective infection control precautions encompassing and ensuring patient safety.
Aim of the study
The current study was aimed to determine adherence of healthcare personnel in operating rooms to standard infection control precautions among.
Materials and method
This study was conducted at the operation rooms department in Alexandria Main University Hospital (AMUH) and Shark El Madina hospital. Subject of the study constituted of (35) Nurses: 25 (AMUH) and 10 from Sharq El Madina Hospital.
(91) Physicians: 80 (AMUH) and 11 from Sharq El Madina Hospital. (14)Auxiliary worker: 10 from (AMUH) and 4 from Sharq El Madina Hospital.
Tow tools were developed by researcher for data collection including:
Tool 1: Standard infection control precautions in operating rooms questionnaire which consist of two parts. Part A- Questions to assess healthcare personnel knowledge about standard precautions of infection control using closed ended questions. Part (B): Adherence with Standard Infection Control Precautions Barriers: questions to elicit healthcare personnel reasons for non-adherence with standard precautions using a 3 point Likert Scale which is individual, organizational and environmental.
Tool 2: standard infection control precautions adherence observational checklist.
This tool was comprise an observational checklist about adherence with standard infection control precautions.
The tools were tested for content and construct validity by seven experts at the field. As for testing of applicability and clarity, according to the findings of the pilot study and content validity of jury members, the necessary modifications were introduced. Each healthcare personnel working in operating rooms unit will be observed with observational checklist regarding their adherence to standard precautions in their daily practice data collection for the whole study took approximately six months starting from march till august 2017.
Results
Findings of this study revealed that the majority of healthcare personnel were female, 53,8% of physicians and half of auxiliaries were married. Physicians who hold master degree in medicine were only 28.6%, while 60% of nurses have a nursing diploma and have of auxiliaries had a primary/ preparatory school.
The majority of healthcare personnel hadn’t any information about post exposure follow up test only 35.2% of physicians were taken influenza vaccine while no one of auxiliary workers take it
More than two third of physicians had a good knowledge about standard precautions of infection control in both hospitals. On the other hand, about 52% of nurses had fair knowledge in AMUH unlike Sharq El Madina hospital it was 60% have a good knowledge. According to auxiliaries 60% of them had a poor knowledge and half of them had a fair knowledge in AMUH and Sharq El Madina hospital respectively
All healthcare personnel (physicians, nurses and auxiliaries) in both hospitals (AMUH and Sharq El Madina hospital) were non-adherence in their practice to standard infection control precautions.
The majority of healthcare personnel 92% was strongly agree that absence of punishment was the main barrier to adhere to standard precautions of infection control. Also 80% of healthcare personnel were agree that work load makes it difficult to follow standard precautions in Sharq El Madina hospital. But 51.3% of healthcare personnel were response with disagree that work load makes it difficult to follow standard precautions in AMUH.
There was a significant relationship between their qualification and their knowledge P value=<0.001. Participants who had Bachelor degree in medicine had a good knowledge 36,1% with significance.
Conclusion and Recommendations:
Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that:
• All healthcare personnel (physicians, nurses and auxiliaries) in both hospitals (AMUH and Sharq El Madina hospital) were non-adherence in their practice to standard infection control precautions.
• Absence of punishment and work load was the most reason for non-compliance with standard infection control precautions in both hospitals.
• Younger nurse with years of experience from one to less than five tears had a good knowledge. Moreover healthcare personnel (HCP) who don’t attend previous infection control program had knowledge better than who attend; there was a significant relationship between their qualification and their knowledge.
from the foregoing conclusion, the following recommendations are suggested:-
• Adequate and appropriate supplies for adherence with standard infection control precautions should be ensured for all HCP at all time.
• Regular staff meeting, training and conferences must be conducted to discuss work problems and needed resources.
• Training includes information on cleaning, disinfection and/or sterilization, occupational health and infection prevention and control.
• Reasons for non-adherence with standard infection control precautions among HCP should be considered by infection control committee, supervisors and administrators.
• Hepatitis B vaccine must be obligatory and free of charge for all HCP.
• Routine investigation for bloodborne infection to all HCP and follows up following occupational exposure should be done.