الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Background: vaicocele (VC) is an abnormal venous dilatation, elongation and tortuosity of the pampiniform plexus in the scrotum. VC is one of the main factors that causing male infertility. Male patients with VC account for approximately 15% of all healthy male adults and approximately 35% of patients with primary infertility. Autophagy principally serves an adaptive or a programmed cell survival role to protect cells during periods of enhanced cellular distress such as heat stress. Heat can induce increase in rate of autophagy in cells Patients and Methods: This study will be carried out on 60 subjects, attending to the andrology outpatient clinic, Mansoura University Hospital. Another extra 30 normal, fertile and aged matched subjects with normal semen parameters will share to the study as control group .Informed consents will be obtained from all participants in this study. So the study will involve three groups: 1) group A : 30 infertile varicocele pateints. 2) group B : 30 fertile varicocele pateints. 3) group C : 30 normal control subjects with normal semen parameters. Results: In our study, there was positive correlation between Beclin1 and VC. Moreover, Beclin1 was highly elevated in infertile VC group than fertile VC group. Also, Beclin 1 had highly negative correlation with different semen parameters in fertile and infertile VC groups Conclusion Current study showed a significantely higher levels of beclin1 in varicocele pateints than controls and higher increase in varicocele infertile pateints than fertile ones. Beclin 1 can be used as discriminating factor between fertile and infertile varicocele patients, and also can be used as a indicator of autophagy and to what extent it affectes semen parameters.