الفهرس 
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Abstract
There are a large number of chemicals involved in commerce and an unlimited number of possible reactions that can be utilized to produce desired products.
Many thousands of hazardous substances are currently manufactured in a wide array of specific processes and often in sizeable tonnages. Correspondingly, feed stocks and products are transported, stored and delivered in numerous batches. This is particularly true for fossil fuels [oil. liquefied natural gas (LNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)] which, for the last ten years, have provided about two-thirds of the primary energy needs in most industrialized countries.
World production of all types of chemicals is in excess of several hundred million tons each year and is continually increasing in volume and diversity to meet world demand. As demand increases, economy of scale is motivating industries to enlarge the sizes of production units to maintain lower costs of production. New’ units for manufacture are also being established all over the world, often in new’ locations. Chemicals are being transported by air, by road or rail, or by boats, barges and ships over the high seas and in ports. They are stored in large volumes in factories, distribution points, ports and at consuming locations. The period and conditions of storage vary widely and are often influenced by changes in market demand, shipping schedules, loading and unloading facilities, availability of packaging, containers and dedicated wagons, insurance, finance and weather conditions. (Mohamed, 2008)
Chemicals are now’ an integral part of our daily lives being present in everything we do every day, almost 1,000 brand new chemicals are added to the market on a yearly basis not to mention that more than 100,000 are added on a global scale. Commercial products are what we can find these chemicals in. (WHO, 1997)
Chemicals is a product that is vital to any industry’. Countless products w’ith great usefulness are obtained from various chemicals like paints, detergents as well as pharmaceuticals. None the less, it is important to be very cautious in dealing with those