الفهرس 
Systematic ofSpirulinaOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
1- The highest dry weight was 0.27 g /100ml algal suspension at the 9th day of incubation and there is no lag phase. The maximum protein content was obtained at the 9th day (638mg/g) about 63.8% of the dry weight. The maxiumum chlorophyll and carotenoids (6.8 mg/g for chl.a and 2.5 mg/g for carotenoids) was at the 9th day, the highest C-phycocyanin (CPC), allophycocuanin (APC), phycoerythrin (PE) and total phycobiliproteins was 47.6, 37.8, 9.8 and 95.2 mg/g dry weight, respectively. The optimum incubation period was chosen for further optimizing study of growth and pigmentation. Summary Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is a DNA alkylating agent used as chemotherapy and treatment of autoimmune diseases and leads to leucopenia and hepatocytes injury. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) promotes granulocyte counts and increase leukocytes count. Spirulina platensis is widely used cyanobacterium algae due to its antioxidant and immnuodulatory effect. This study aimed to investigate the effect of G-CSF and Spirulina platensis on leucopenia and hepatocytes injury induced in mice by CTX. The cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis was grown in batch cultures using Erlenmyer flasks containing Zarrouk,s medium .the flasks were inoculated for growing pre-culture and incubated in illuminated incubator under different conditions .at the end of incubation period, the growth , protein, chlorophyll a , carotenoid and phycobiliproteins were quantified Optimization of the culture conditions for the growth of Spirulina platensis: phycobiliproteins were quantified Optimization of the culture conditions for the growth of Spirulina platensis: 1- The highest dry weight was 0.27 g /100ml algal suspension at the 9th day of incubation and there is no lag phase. The maximum protein content was obtained at the 9th day (638mg/g) about 63.8% of the dry weight. The maxiumum chlorophyll and carotenoids (6.8 mg/g for chl.a and 2.5 mg/g for carotenoids) was at the 9th day, the highest C-phycocyanin (CPC), allophycocuanin (APC), phycoerythrin (PE) and total phycobiliproteins was 47.6, 37.8, 9.8 and 95.2 mg/g dry weight, respectively. The optimum incubation period was chosen for further optimizing study of growth and pigmentation. Also, optical density 0.2, it was found that the maximum dry weight was 0.2363 g/100ml, the highest protein content was 659 mg/g dry weight (65.9%), the highest content was 1.54 mg/g dry wt. for chlorophyll a and 0.69 mg/g dry wt. for carotenoids and maximum c-phycocyanin were 64.6, 38.6, 18.0 and 121.2 mg/g dry wt., respectively was attained. At the initial optical density of 0.3 the growth and pigmentation was reduced. 3- The maximum growth of Spirulina platensis (0.27 g/100ml d. wt, 0.1778 for growth rate measured as O.D at 560 nm) was attained at initial pH value of 9.0, also it give highest protein content (554 mg/g dry wt. about 55.4%). The chlorophyll a content recorded its highest value (8.5 mg/g dry wt.), the maximum amount of carotenoids (3.1 mg/g dry wt.), the maximum C-phycocyanin ,allophycocyanin, phycoerythrin and total phycocyanin (85.1, 74.4, 52.4 and 211.9 at mg/g dry wt.), respectively was recorded at the same pH value. Animals were injected with CTX, G-CSF and Spirulinaplatensis then leukocytes and biochemical parameters were performed . Our results showed that CTX administration decreased splenocytes and total WBC count Furthermore, CTX administration lead to hepatocytes oxidative stress .as a result, hepatocytes injury took place as characterized with serum ALT and AST elevation. Spirulina platensis successfully normalized the biochemical parameters and alteration in cell counts which arise from CTX administration. In conclusion, CTX produces leucopenia and liver necrosis through the stimulation of oxidative stress Summary 110 which lead to inflammation. While G-CSF and Spirulina platensis counteract this action through their antiox idant and anti-inflammtory properities. In regard to the immunological results, natural products such as Spirulina platensis administrated to mice injected with CTX improves the liver functions and blood count. In conclusion, CTX produces leucopenia and liver necrosis through the stimulation of oxidative stress which leads to inflammation that decreases stem cell mobilization. Mice treatment with G-CSF and Spirulina platensis counteract this action through their antioxidants, anti-inflammatory and stem cell mobilization properties.