الفهرس 
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Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the nanocrystalline and microcrystalline forms of calcium sulfate bone graft in the surgical treatment of the periodontal intrabony defect. Methods: This study was accomplished in two separated parts. Clinical part: A total of 25 periodontal intrabony defects from 9 patients were included in the final analysis of this study. Patients selected with at least two bilateral intrabony defects in which one side enrolled in group I as test group (nanocrystalline calcium sulfate) and the other side as control group (microcrystalline calcium sulfate). Clinical periodontal parameters and cone beam computed tomography measurement of intrabony defect depth were recorded at baseline, 3 and 9 months after surgery. Experimental part: Split mouth designs using eight adult mongrel dogs were included in this experimental part of the present study. One side was grafted by nanocrystalline form of calcium sulfate; however, the opposite side was implanted with microcrystalline form of calcium sulfate bone graft. The dogs were randomly allocated and euthanized after one month (group I) and 3 months (group II). Segmented blocks from the worked areas were harvested and processed for histological analysis followed by histomorphometric analysis. Result In the clinical part, nanocrystalline calcium sulfate group showed significant difference compared to microcrystalline calcium sulfate group regarding pocket depth reduction, clinical attachment level gain and intrabony defect depth after 9 months of surgery. In addition, the experimental part results showed bone formation, periodontal ligament fibers arrangement and collagen fibers maturation in nanocrystalline calcium sulfate sites significantly more when compared to microcrystalline form of calcium sulfate sites in both one and three months group. Conclusion Within the limitation of this study, it can be concluded that; both clinical and microscopic findings of the present study showed nanocrystalline calcium sulfate bone graft resulted in significant improvement of the periodontal intrabony defects depth with more mature bone formation better than microcrystalline calcium sulfate.