الفهرس 
Aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Speckle-tracking echocardiography is a new, fast and robust echocardiographic technique that, working with standard 2D images with less limitations of Doppler techniques, provides a comprehensive analysis of global and regional myocardial deformation evaluated in all spatial directions. In addition, speckle-tracking echocardiography enables evaluation of mitral valve apparatus specifically the papillary muscles strain (APM-LS ,PPM-LS) by free strain method .The most common pathophysiologic cause of mitral stenosis (MS) is rheumatic heart disease.The mitral valve (MV) is the most commonly and severely affected (65%–70% of patients) by rheumatic process by stenosis and/or regurgitation.
The aim of this study is to assess LV systolic function and mitral valve apparatus in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis by 2D strain and strain rate imaging.
Our study was conducted on 40 patients who have isolated rheumatic mitral valve stenosis graded from mild to moderate and we excluded the patients with severe mitral valve stenosis because they most probably have significant pulmonary hypertension which in turn would be a secondary cause for left ventricular systolic dysfunction. The LV systolic function by conventional 2D echocardiography was preserved . We excluded patients with atrial fibrillation or flutter, any rhythm other than sinus rhythm and we excluded any secondary causes could contribute to left ventricular systolic dysfunction.
Also, we included 20 healthy individuals as a control for our cases.
All subjects were evaluated by history taking, clinical examination and