الفهرس 
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Abstract
Leprosy (HD) is a long-term infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae.
Initially, infection is without symptoms and typically remains for 5 to 20 years. Then
symptoms include granulomas of the nerves, respiratory tract, skin, and eyes, Nerve
affection result in a lack of ability to feel pain, thus loss of parts of extremities due to
repeated injuries or infection due to unnoticed wounds. Weakness and poor eyesight
may also be present. Infection is thought to occur through a cough or contact with fluid
from the nose of an infected person. Leprosy occurs more commonly among those
living in poverty. Contrary to popular belief, it is not highly contagious. The two main
types of disease are based on the number of bacteria present: paucibacillary and
multibacillary.
In 2016 WHO launched the Global Leprosy Strategy 2016–
2020: Accelerating towards a leprosy-free world. WHO aims to reinvigorate efforts
to control leprosy and avert disabilities, especially among children affected by the
disease in endemic countries.
However, despite this marked steadily decreasing trend of the prevalence rate
over the last decades, there are focal points in some governorates where the leprosy rate
is still higher than the national figure and the WHO target.
In Egypt, although MDT has achieved very good and promising results in
decreasing the number of leprosy cases and achieving the WHO target, the new case
detection rate for leprosy remains high especially in children leading to different grades
of disabilities.
The current study aimed to estimate the epidemiological pattern of leprosy in
terms of prevalence, incidence, and rate of active case detection among the contacts,
clinical types and disabilities in Nile Delta governorates. This study was done on five
governorates that were selected randomly out of ten Nile delta governorates. The
included governorates were Menoufia, Gharbiya, Kalyobeya, Dakahlia and Damietta.
We collected the patient files from leprosy clinics in each governorate for each year
separately in the last 5 years (2013 – 2017) and selected data were collected including:
Personal data (age, sex, residence, number of contacts and if affected).
Clinical data (type of leprosy).
Complications whether it‟s reactions or disability.
Result of SSS
Treatment.
The results of the current study showed that:
1- The overall total number of leprosy case detection in Nile delta has risen from
3.16/million (0.0316/10000) in 2013 to 3.49/million (0.0349/10000) in 2017,
with high percentage of MB (84.96%).
2- The prevalence results were not uniform all over the governorates where
Menoufia and Gharbiya showed marked increase in their numbers along the five
studied years from 0.015/10000 in the year 2013 to 0.0733/10000 in (2017) and
Summary & Conclusions
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from 0.0124/10000 in 2013 to 0.0276/10000 in 2017 respectively. While,
Kalyobeya and Dakahlia both were found to have a decrease in their numbers
from 0.0428/10000 and 0.0522/100000 in 2013 to 0.0263/10000 and
0.0304/100000 in 2017 respectively.
3- Leprosy in children was found to be 11.17% among the detected cases.
4- Male affection was higher than females (61.1% vs 38.9%).
5- Rural areas were mainly affected (89.1%).
6- About one third of the cases (32.1%) was in contact with leprosy patients
caught the infection.
7- About one fifth (20.2%) of patients had grade 2 disability (G2D) and 43.8 % had
grade 1 (G1D).
8- Relapse rate of leprosy along the five years was 12.2%.
9- The outcome of the detected cases (331) was 90.9% treated (cured) cases all
over the studied governorates, while 5.4% of the patients were referred to other
governorates and 2.1% were reported as dead.