الفهرس 
FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION ‘FGM’Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
F
emale genital mutilation (F.M.G) according to the World Health Organization(W.H.O) is partial or total removal or injury of the female genital organs without a medical indication. It is classified into four types I, II, III, IV and is common in the middle east and Africa among religious and non religious groups.
The term F.G.M was applied by the WHO on this female abuse to replace the public and some scholar publications used terms which misleads the population Such terms as sunna circumcision (removal of a small part or all of the prepuce now called types I and II FGM), a term which implies being ordered by Islam, inspite of Islamic scholar’s proofs that it has never been ordered by any of the prophet’s true orders or by any of the verses of the holy Quran, and that it predates Islamic times. On the contrary, most Islamic scholars insist that all types of FGM is prohibited in Islam because of the unneccesary forced body exposure, touch and injury, changing gods creations without an emergency request.
Scholars proved that true female sunna circumcision, which was mentioned in the weakly supported hadeeth, (which is removal of minimal tissue from the prepuce), would require the help of pediatric surgeon and special instruments not primitive instruments, and so impossible for it to exist in the real world back then. Type III F.G.M, which is removal of a part, or all of the external genitalia and stitching the vaginal opening leaving a narrow opening (infabulation), and type lV, which is unclassified, includes any other assault as burning, stretching, scraping tissues around vaginal orifice (angurya cuts), or cutting the vagina (gishiri cuts). Immediate complications like bleeding, shock, infection, or delayed complications like recurrent urinary tract infection, scarring, anorgasmia are common. Families insist on this abuse regardless the consequences to avoid future adultery.
According to masters and Johnson, the clitoris is the center of orgasm, the phase during which the sexual tension gained during the excitement phase is releasd, and so, without it, difficulty of releasing sexual tension could occur.
Researchers proved that sexual desire in both males and females are mainly controlled by hormones especially testesterone, and was shown by the loss of sexual desire after castration inspite of the maintainance of the external erectile tissues.And this proves that decrease sexual desire is through castration not through cutting external genitals as the female mutulators intend.
This study aimed for further assessment of the effect of F.G.M on the prevalence of sexual troubles among Egyptian women.
In this case control study, 500 sexually active women in 2 groups ”250 with FGM (case group) and 250 without FGM (control group) ”, at El Demerdash maternity hospital, were interviewed.
All the study participants were asked to answer the validated Arabic translated version of Female Sexual Function Index (F.S.F.I) questionnaire, and the individual domain scores for pain, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction and overall score of F.S.F.I were calculated. This was done after explaining to the interviewers the study aim, after taking verbal and written consents,, and after the permission of the ethical board committee with complete confidentiality.
The two groups were comparable in most demographic characteristics. Results showed that there were no statistical differences in the mean desire score and the mean pain score (± standard deviation) between the two groups.
However the mean scores for arousal, lubrication, orgasm and satisfaction, and so did the overall score, showed significant differences between the two groups with the group with F.G.Ms scoring much less.
Conclusion
In conclusion; findings of the current study, supported the data from previous studies, which suggested that F.G.M adversely affects part of the female sexual function, not the desire score but mainly the orgasmic score after sufficient sexual stimulation during the sexual cycle during intercourse.
Contradicting the beliefs that non mutilated women have more desire and so liable for adultery which is one of the main causes of insistence on mutilation.
On the contrary, non mutilated women have less difficulty of reaching orgasm, and so the resolution phase is more easily reached and so could be even more protected from adultery.
Moreover, while more mutilated ladies suffered from an- orgasmia after sufficient sexual excitation, scoring similar desire score as those without FGM, which lead to pelvic congestion, difficulty of releasing the sexual tension gained during the sexual act, and so in a need for further sexual relation to release the sexual tension gained during the excitation phase during intercouse with psychological frustration.
This greatly supports the previous researches of sexual dysfunction which may be caused by female genital mutilation.