الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Marine biofouling is one of the biggest problems in the marine industry from the beginning of shipping industry. Marine biofouling causes environmental disasters and consumes billions of dollars every year in the shipping industry due to increasing the fuel consumption which increasing the the emission of harmful compounds, such as SOx and NOx, which cause acid rains and soil damage; other toxic substances, such as CO2 and atmospheric pollutants, are also released and pose serious environmental problems. This big problem was well controlled by using tributyltin (TBT)-based coating. Since the use of tributyltin (TBT) compounds in antifouling coatings was banned in 2003 due to its toxic effect on the marine life, the search for ecofriendly alternatives has been promoted. This report provides a holistic overview of nano-FR research achievements and describes recent advancements in non-stick marine nanocoatings for ship hulls and highlights the key issues of nanocomposite structures and their features in improving the biological activity and surface self-cleaning performance of ship hulls. This report also contains a detailed experimental testing of biofouling protection coating enhanced by solar light.