الفهرس 
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Abstract
The main objective of this research is study the effect of mineral and organic fertilization in addition to inoculation with mycorrhizal on the growth of maize and wheat plants.
To achieve this goal, the best levels of nitrogen , phosphate and organic fertilizers affecting mycorrhizal activity were determined.
The experiments were conducted in two types of soil (sand and clay),in Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University during the seasons of 2015-2016.
The above mentioned objectives were achieved through three main experiments, which can be briefly described as follow:
1- In the first experiment
The effect of different compost rates on the growth of wheat and maize plants with mycorrhizal inoculation was studied. This experiment included the addition of compost at 0, 40, 80 and 120 g / pot which represents 0, 10, 20 and 30 tons per feddan for both of wheat and maize .
2-In the second experiment
The effect of nitrogen fertilization on the growth of wheat and maize plants with mycorrhizial inoculation was studied. In this experiment the chemical fertilizer urea (46% nitrogen) was used at rates of 0, .4, .6 and .815. g / pot This represents 0, 80, 120 and 163 kg/ feddan for wheat and 0, 75., 1 and 1.5 g / pot for maize, which represents 0, 150, 200 and 300 kg per feddan.
3- In the third experiment
The effect of phosphate fertilization on the growth of wheat and maize plants was investigated with mycorrhizal inoculation and non-inoculation. In this experiment, the calcium superphosphate fertilizer was used at rates of 0, .25, .375 and .5 g / pot for wheat. This represents 0, 50, 75 and 100 kg / feddan and 0, .5, .75 and 1 g / pot for maize. This represents 0, 100, 150 and 200 kg / feddan.
The main general results obtained can be summarized as follows:
Experiment of organic matter
The addition of compost at a rate of 80 g per pot in clay and sandy soil, which represents 20 tons per feddan, in addition to inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi led to the best results in terms of plants height, root lengths, dry weight, nitrogen and phosphorus content in maize and wheat.
Nitrogen fertilization experiments
In this experiment, plant height, root length and dry weight significantly increased by 24% in presence of inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen fertilizer of 0.6 g / pot of wheat and 1 g / pot of maize (urea 46%) in both clay and sandy soils.
This means that to maximize the benefits of inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi for the above measurements requires the addition of nitrogen fertilizer at a rate not exceeding 0.6 g per pot or 120 kg per feddan for wheat plant, and 1 g per pot or 200 kg per feddan for maize.
The maximum increase of nitrogen and phosphorus content in plants occurred in presence of inoculation with mycorrhizae and nitrogen fertilization at the recommended rate below 120 kg / fed and 200 kg / fed in both wheat and maize.
Phosphate fertilization experiment
The analysis of the plant after about 60 days of planting showed that the addition of phosphate fertilizer as a source of phosphorus with inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi resulted in significant differences in dry weight, total vegetation and root lengths at different levels of fertilization.
The presence of calcium superphosphate at the rate of 375. g / pot for wheat, and 75. g / pot for maize plant in clay and sandy soil increased the highest values of the all treatments .
This means that in order to benefit from mycorhizae inoculation for the above measurements, the addition of superphosphate fertilizer should be added as a source of phosphorus no more than 375. g / pot or 75 kg / feddan for wheat, and not more than 75. g / pot or 150 kg / feddan for maize.
The highest benefit for cultivated was the plants obtained when inoculated with mycorrhizal fungus, which is 75 kg per feddan of wheat and 150 kg per feddan of maize, which is lower than recommended.
Recommendations
Based on the findings, there are some recommendations for maximizing the benefit of mycorrhizea as follows:
1) The optimum rate of organic fertilization to get the maximum benefit from mycorrhizal fungus is 80 g compost / pot in wheat and maize crop equivalent to 20 tons per feddan in clay and sandy soils.
2) The optimal nitrogen fertilization rate to obtain the maximum benefit from mycorrhizal fungus is 0.6 gm urea (46% N) wheat plant equivalent to 120 kg per feddan, and 1 gm urea for maize plant equals 200 kg per feddan. This rate is lower than recommended in order to reduce chemical damage and reduce costs of farms.
3) Also the optimum rate of phosphate fertilization to obtain the maximum benefit of the fungus is 375. gm calcium super phosphate (15% P2O5) per/pot in wheat plant pot of 75 kg per feddan and 75.gm calcium super phosphate per container equals 150 kg per feddan for maize plant and this rate is lower than recommended in order to reduce chemical fertilizers and their damage and reduce the cost of farms.