الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Building the modern road networks has become very important in Egypt. Also, studying the effect on dynamic loads, especially earthquake loads and their effects on all construction types gained their importance in the last decades due to massive earthquake activity all over the world. Furthermore, every year a massive quantity of natural and man-made solid wastes are produced in Egypt. Thus, the way toward reusing them by blending with soil is one of the least expensive and best approaches to eliminate those wastes and save the environment. Also, mixing these wastes with soil will improve the soil shear strength. Using recycled tyres in many civil engineering applications as a lightweight material has been growing in the last two decades. Generally, sand tyres mixtures unit weight decreased with the increase of the tyres content ratio and the failure behavior of the mixtures changed from brittle to ductile behavior. The ductile behavior of the sand-tyres mixtures has many advantages such as increasing the seismic isolation layers beneath the foundations of structures in seismic zones. Using agriculture waste to enhance the soil shear strength is a traditional method of repairing rural roads in Egypt. Rice straw has become one of the most important natural wastes, which is used to improve the shear strength characteristics of many types of soils.In this research, six types of mixtures and two control specimens were tested experimentally to determine the basic soil characteristics and shear strength characteristics of the soil mixtures. Triaxial experiments were performed on various sand- rice straw (RS) and tyre chips (TC) mixtures. Samples were prepared at the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content to consider the engineering applications. Numerically, three groups of analyses were conducted on one of the recent roads in Egypt, which is Wady El-Natroon / Al-Alameen road. Using Geostudio- Quake/w “Commercial Software” to examine the effects of earthquake shaking on this road and examine the variable soil mixtures alternatives, which can be used in the road foundation. Also, this research examines the effect of earthquake conditions on the road dimensions, then choosing the best soil mixtures and road cross section dimensions alternatives to mitigate the unwanted earthquake effects on this road. Finally, as a result of the three groups of analyses, it can be concluded that using mixed soil with rice straw and tyre chips enhance the road workability under the earthquake conditions and decrease the relative displacement in vertical and horizontal directions. Consequently, decreasing the generated pore water pressure then, prevent the liquefaction process and keeping the road stable after seismic shaking.