الفهرس 
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Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common serious neurological disorders
characterized by seizures or vigorous shaking that can be very short and nearly
undetectable or may last for long periods of time. Epileptic seizures have no
immediate underlying cause, some occurring due to brain pathology (injury, stroke,
tumors, infections), genetic mutations or birth defects through epileptogenesis with
a long term risk of recurrent seizures. It occur due to excessive and abnormal nerve
cell activity in the brain cortex. Diagnosis of epilepsy is helped but not necessarily
ruled out by brain imaging and confirmed by an electroencephalogram.
Antiepileptic drugs are the cornerstone of epilepsy treatment. The aim of
treatment is to get rid of seizures, no side effects and a good quality of life for
patient. However, AEDs are known to cause a wide range of side effects, including
hematological changes. These have been implied on the older AEDs, but clinical
experience for the more recent AEDs is currently insufficient to draw robust
conclusions.
Valproic acid is abroad spectrum antiepileptic drug and one of the most
frequently prescribed drugs for the therapy of generalized and focal epilepsies.
Valproate induces a variety of hemostatic disorders such as thrombocytopenia,
abnormal platelet function, decreased concentrations of von Willebrand factor, and
hyperfibrinogenemia .It rarely causes serious bleeding complications. It may also
lead to atherosclerosis and thrombosis. However, there is still shortage of
knowledge about the incidence and occurrence of these particular side effects.
VPA also has effect on some procoagulant proteins, (protein C and
S).Protein C and protein S activities were found to below among children