الفهرس 
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 103 |  |  |
| | | from | 103 | | |
Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) represents the second major bacterial diseases following respiratory diseases affects children commonly presented by fever. However, UTI symptoms in children often are nonspecific, and culture results are not available at the time of initial evaluation. UTI has been considered a risk factor for the development of renal insufficiency or end stage renal disease in children. In girls the first UTI usually occurs by the age of 5 years with peaks during infancy and toilet training. In boys, most UTI occurs during the first year of life. About 3–7% of girls and 1–2% of boys have at least one symptomatic UTI before the age of 6 years, and 12–30% of them have a recurrence within a year. Diagnosis of UTI relies on suggestive symptoms, pyuria, and isolation of an uropathogen in culture.
Oxidative stress (OS) exerted by high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) might cause damage to the affected renal cells during the course of UTI. Most common bacterial infection that affects the human population can cause OS and leads to suppression of antioxidant enzymes. This OS could be detected and evaluated by measuring certain biochemical parameters such as serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). However, this cellular damage could be prevented by different types of either endogenous or exogenous antioxidants.
The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of UTI in children on the balance between oxidant and antioxidant by measuring serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC).