الفهرس 
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Abstract
he present study was conducted in the search farm of the Animal production Department, Faculty of Agric –Menofiya University ( Shebin El- Kom).
Ten Zarabi goats (5 males and 5 females) and Ten Damascus goats (5 males and 5 females) were used. to study the seasonal variation of the body thermo regulation and some blood constituents in males and females of Zarabi and Damascus goats. The experiment period started at December 2016,and lasted for a year. Age of the experimental animals ranged from 1.5-2 year. females of the experimental goats were not offered to the bucks for insemination during the research period.
Climatic condition at Shebin El-kom as ambient temperature and relative humidity (%) during the four seasons of the year according to the data obtained from the Egyptian Meterorological Authority, Temperature Humidity Index (THI) was calculated according to the equation of Nigm et al., (2015).
Measurements and observations:
Live body weight.:
thermoregulation parameters: (Rectal temperature (RT), Pulse rate (PR), Respiration rates (RR) were determined three times /day (at 7:00a.m. , 12:00. and 19:00 hrs) during the middle month of every season.
Blood constituents: (blood samples were collected during the middle month of every season. The whole blood was shortly analyzed after collection for total count of Erythrocytes (RBCs, x106 / mm3), total count of Leukocytes (WBCs, x103 / mm3), Hemoglobin concentration (Hb, gm/dl) and Packed cell volume (PCV, %). Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were mathematically calculated. serum was separated carefully and stored at -20 C until further analysis for
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total protein (TP), Albumin (Ab), Albumin to globulin ratio (A/G) was calculated. Also, Glutamine oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), Glutamine pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), thyroid hormone (T3), urea and creatinine, sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) were determined.
All data were statistically analyzed using least squares procedure described by SAS (2007). Results obtained could be summarized as follow: I._Climatic conditions at the experimental region:
The highest overall average values of AT , RH and THI were recorded for summer season (29.1, 68.0 and 79.5) as compared with that values of Winter ( 14.3, 61.4, 57.3), Spring ( 26.0, 42.3, 66.0) or in Autumn ( 21.5, 66.1 and 68.1, respectively).
Across hours of the day the highest values of considered climatic parameters were recorded at 12.00 for AT and THI (27.5 and 75.6 respectively), However the highest values of RH recorded at 7.00 hrs (79.6%). II. Seasonal variation of thermoregulatory parameters: season (S), time of day (TD) and the interaction of (S X D) had significant (p < 0.0001) effects on rectal temperature (RT), respiration rate (RR) and pulse rate (PR). b) Rectal temperature (RT): the highest (p < 0.0001) overall average of RT was recorded in summer season either for males ( 39.06 °c) or females (39.29 °c) of Damascus and Zarabi goats. However, the lowest ones recorded in winter season for males (38.43°c) or females (38.53 °c).
The overall average of RT at afternoon hours (19:00 hrs) was significantly higher in males (38.67) and females(38.70) than that
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recorded at 7:00 hrs (38.4., 38.45, respectively)., and significantly lower than that recorded at 12:00 hrs (38.85., 38.87, respectively).
d) Respiration Rate (RR):
the highest overall average of RR was recorded in summer season ( p< 0.001) for both males (38.40 acts/min ) and females ( 36.90 acts/min).. However, the lowest overall average of RR was recorded for males(27.60 acts/min ) in winter and for females in autumn (27.6 acts/min).
The overall average of RR at 19: hours for males (30.3 acts/min) and females (30.4 acts/min) were significantly (p[0.0001) lower than that recorded at 12:00 hrs, and higher than that recorded at 7: hours.
e) Pulse rate(PR , beat/ min):
the highest significant overall average of (PR) for male (87.80 beat/ min) and females (86.01 beat/ min) of Zarabi and Damascus goats were recorded in summer season, followed by that recorded in autumn (8 5.8 and 84.5 beat/ min), spring (70.5 and 70.6 beat/ min) and the lowest overall average of PR for the same animals were recorded in winter season ( 68.8 and 70.01 beat/ min, respectively). The differences among seasons were significant expect the differences for values recorded between winter and spring were not significant.
Across hours of the day, The obtained results illustrate that the highest activity of pulse rate observed at 12:00 either for males (82.5 beat/ min) or for females (81.5 beat/ min) as compared to that observed at 7:00 hrs(75.3 and 75.1 beat/ min, respectively ) or at 19:00hrs ( 76.9 and 76.8 beat/ min, respectively) with significant differences (p<0.001) among hours of the day. III. Seasonal variation in blood constituents:
a) RBCs indices: Erythrocytes, leucocytes, Heamoglobin and packed cell volume and for the erthrocytic indices including MCV, MCH, MCHC in the
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blood samples were significantly ( p< 0.0001) affected by season of the year. the overall average of RBCs, amount of haemoglobin and PCV (ranged from 8.9 - 11.8×106 /μL0, 8.1 -9.5 g/dL, and 26.8 - 30.9%, respectively) in the blood of Damascus and Zarabi goats. The highest values of RBCs, Hb, PCV and MCHC were recorded in winter season for blood samples obtained from males (11.8 ×106 /μL, 9.4 g/dL, 30.9% and 31.7 g/dl)) and females (11.6 ×106 /μL, 9.5 g/dL, 29.9% and 31.2 g/dl, respectively). the lowest values of RBCs were recorded (p< 0.001) in summer season for both males (9.1×106 /μL) and females (8.9 ×106 /μL). the highest values of MCV and MCH were recorded in summer season in blood samples for males (30.4 fl,.and 9.0 pg) and females(30.1 fl,.and9. 4 pg, respectively ) of Damascus and Zarabi goats. In addition the lowest values of MCV and MCH were observed in the present study in autumn for both males (24.0 fl and 7.1 pg ) and females (23.8 fl and 7.3 pg, respectively ) of the experimental goats. While, the lowest values of MCHC were recorded for males (30.3 g/dl) in spring and autumn seasons and in summer for females (30.0 g/dl).