الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
MGs is defined as a group of more than 1000 people present in one location; however, most of the published literature reflects much larger congregations (>25.000 people). MGs are characterized by the concentration of people at a specific location for a specific purpose over a set period of time and which has the potential to strain the planning and response resources of the country or community with morbidity, mortality due to communicable diseases, and stampede in an overcrowded accedents.
Planning and preparing public health systems and services for managing a MG is a complex procedure: advanced risk assessment and system enhancement are critical to identifying potential public health risks, both natural and man made, and to preventing, minimizing and responding to public health emergencies.
A structured risk assessment of the potential health risks associated with a specific mass gathering event will help mitigate any health problems. During the risk assessment process, it is important to partner with those individuals or entities that are likely to have expertise in the areas you think the greatest health risks will occur. Various factors have been identified as high risks (weather, age group of attendees and alcohol and drug abuse) which necessitate the need of monitoring the events. Most of the studies were found to support enhanced surveillance system during large national and international mass gathering events, which helps them to see the outcome of the surveillance and impact of the MG.
Health services are generally designed to meet routine priorities and demands, and have limited capacity to expand. MGs may put a strain on these systems and so require strengthening of existing services and potentially the introduction of new or enhanced methods for managing disease and other public health risks.