الفهرس 
Aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Assessment of a child’s height and weight is well established as an indicator of his or her general health and well-being. Such assessment can also lead to the identification of treatable disorders in the apparently normal child. Early detection and diagnosis of causes of short stature help to optimize final adult height and minimize the impact of any underlying health condition. However, children are frequently diagnosed at a late age. In children the three most commonly used anthropometric indices to assess their growth status are weight-for-height, height-for-age and weight-for-age. Low height-for-age: Stunted growth reflects a process of failure to reach linear growth potential as a result of suboptimal health and/or nutritional conditions. For older children, it reflects a state of ”having failed to grow” or ”being stunted”. Stunting is defined as height-for-age z-score (HAZ) of equal to or less than minus two standard deviation )2SD) below the mean of a reference standard. Stunted growth is one of the most common concerns presenting to pediatric endocrinologists and other physicians caring for children. Stunting results from complex interaction of household, environmental, socioeconomic and cultural influences that are described in the world health organization (WHO) conceptual framework on childhood stunting. In 2010, it is estimated that 171 million children (167 million in developing countries) were stunted. Globally, childhood stunting decreased from 39.7% (95% CI 38.1, 41.4) in 1990 to 26.7% (95% CI
Summary
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24.8, 28.7) in 2010. This trend is expected to reach 21.8% (95% CI 19.8, 23.8), or 142 million, in 2020. While in Africa stunting has stagnated since 1990 at about 40% and little improvement is anticipated, Asia showed a dramatic decrease from 49% in 1990 to 28% in 2010, nearly halving the number of stunted children from 190 million to 100 million. It is anticipated that this trend will continue and that in 2020 Asia and Africa will have similar numbers of stunted children (68 million and 64 million, respectively). Rates are much lower (14% or 7 million in 2010) in Latin America. Despite an overall decrease in developing countries, stunting remains a major public health problem in many of them. The data summarize progress achieved in the last two decades and help identify regions needing effective interventions. According to the Growth and Assessment Surveillance Unit of the World Health Organization (WHO) 2010, the global prevalence of malnutrition among school-aged children (5–14 years old), as indicated by the prevalence of stunting, was approximately 28% (171 million children), with Eastern Africa suffering a higher rate of 45%. It is commonly agreed that prevention is better than cure. So, obesity prevention is the primary and most obvious strategy to control this disease. Children who are stunted have a reduced learning ability in school and poor scholastic achievement. The aim of this work was to determine prevalence of stunted growth in primary school age in El-Bagour in Menoufia governorate.