الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Dixon technique has been established as a useful diagnostic tool in urogenital imaging. It can provide greater performance compared to conventional MRI alone and increase the preoperative sensitivity and accuracy of identifying and locating non-palpable undescended testes.
The study conducted upon 17 patients referred to Radiology Department – Alexandria University hospitals, in the period between August 2018 and April 2019, complaining of non-palpable undescended testes which couldn’t be detected by abdominopelvic or inguinoscrotal ultrasound. The age of the patients ranged from 2 to 26 years with mean of 9.0 ± 7.93 years and median of 5.50 years.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the added value of the Dixon technique in the detection of non-palpable undescended testes.
MRI examinations were performed with a 3T MRI scanner included axial and coronal T1WI, fat-suppression T2WI, DWI and T2 DIXON sequence. Abdomen from the renal area above to the scrotal region below was covered. Children below 5 years were sedated and well immobilized during the examination. All patients underwent laparoscopic exploration.
Images were interpreted for the presence or absence and the location of the undescended testes. In Dixon images testes were recognized by their elliptical shape and hyperintensity on water only images. On conventional MRI, elliptic areas that appear hypo/isointense on T1WI and hyperintense on T2WI were reported as testes.
The patients were classified according to laparoscopic findings of the non-palpable testes to either absent, intra-abdominal, intra-canalicular, or atrophic.
Based on laparoscopic findings five testes (25.0%) were intraabdominal, While four testes (20.0%) were detected in the left inguinal region, five testes (25.0%) were detected in the right inguinal region, two testes (10.0%) in the scrotal neck,and lastly 4 testes (20%) were absent.
The Dixon technique showed greater performance for the detection and localization of undescended testes compared to conventional MRI alone with a detected accuracy of 100%, sensitivity of 100%%, specificity of 100%, PPV of 100% and NPV of 100% compared with accuracy of 75.0 %, sensitivity of 68.75%%, specificity of 100%, PPV of 100% and NPV of 44.44% detected by conventional MRI alone.