الفهرس 
Desmin intermediate filament in cardiac muscleOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Regarding the great importance of doxorubicin (DOX) as a treatment of many types of cancer, scientists directed to reduce or prevent DOX side effects through several ways depended on disturb its mechanism. Corresponding natural products potential power, as natural extracts are getting more importance in the treatment of cardiac muscle disorder because the DOX medicines have many side effects. Aim of the work: According to the DOX severe impact is the elevation of rate of free radical causing cardiotoxicity, the study aims to evaluate the beneficial role of natural extracts as anti-oxidants such as cranberry and rosemary to improve biochemical, histological and immunohistochemical (IHC) changes on the cardiac muscle and lung toxicity induced by DOX. Parameter determinations were measured as creatine phosphokinasemyocardial band (CK-MB), troponin I levels in the blood sera as well as the histological study (by using H&E) and IHC expression have applied to the cardiac muscle by using immunostain markers to express desmin cytoskeletal protein and anti-caspase-3 as well as IHC to lung to express the dead cells by anti-caspase-3.CD34 and CD90 by using flow cytometer and complete blood count (CBC) were also evaluated. Expermintal design:- Seven different groups of adult male albino rats 110±10g (aged 3- 4 weeks) were used in this study. All rats were kept under the same conditions and received the same diet: 1-Control normal rats group (Gp I) Normal saline 0.9 % was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) to rats for three times per a week for three weeks 2-Cranberry rats group (Gp II) 150 mg/kg/bw was administrated three times per a week for three weeks orally 3-Rosemary rats group (Gp III) 2g/kg/bw was adminstrated three times per a week for three weeks orally. 4-DOX rats group (Gp IV) (2.5mg/kg/i.p.) three times / week for two weeks 5-DOX + cranberry rats group (GpV) (2.5mg/kg/i.p.) three times a week for three weeks+ 150 mg/kg /bw three times per a week for 3 weeks orally 6-DOX + rosemary rats group (GpVI) (2.5mg/kg/i.p.) three times weekly for two weeks+ 2g/kg/bw three times per a week for 3 weeks orally. 7-DOX+ cranberry + rosemary rats group (GpVII) (2.5mg/kg/i.p.) three times weekly for two weeks+150mg/kg/bw three times weekly for three weeks orally+ 2g/kg/bw three times weekly for three weeks orally. Blood samples were collected from all rat groups . The cardiac muscle and lung tissues were removed carefully and cut into small pieces, then fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for 24hs for histological study (by H&E) and IHC study to express desmin and caspase-3. The results of the present study could be summarized as follows: 1. Cardiac biomarker measurements of CK- MB and troponin I CK-MB activity in sera of male albino rats was significantly decreased in all rat groups in comparison with their respective DOX rats group while the decrease was not significant in all groups versus normal control rats group. Cardiac troponin I activity in sera male albino rats was significantly decreased in all rat groups in comparison with their respective DOX rats group while the increase was not significant in all group versus normal control rats group 2. Studies of cardiac muscle: 2.1. Histological observations of cardiac muscle: In normal control or cranberry or rosemary rat groups, the histological observations the cardiac muscle illustrated normal structure of cardiomyocytes with branched-striated appearance and central oval nuclei. Myofibrils are connected together through intercalated discs. The endomysia between cardiomyocytes contain blood vessels. Similar normal structures were seen in the cardiomyocytes of either cranberry or rosemary rats group. In DOX rats group, the histological observations demonstrated several alternations of the cardiac muscle as: disarrangement of many cardiomyocytes with pyknotic nuclei, and degeneration of other cardiac myocytes with a marked sarcoplasmic vacuolation and appearance of necrotic areas. Marked dilation and congestion of blood vessels in the dilated endomysia was also observed as well as haemorrhage and an obvious infiltration of inflammatory cells in most cardiomyocytes. The administration of cranberry or cranberry and rosemary together to DOX rats group revealed restoration of the normal histological cardiac muscle structure more than those received rosemary alone which detected moderate improvement of the cardiomyocytes.