الفهرس 
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Abstract
SUMMARY
E
mergence delirium (ED) is a clinical state during emergence from general anesthesia in which patients are awake but have an altered mental state.
Its underlying cause remains unknown. Age, preoperative anxiety, anesthetic technique or agents, surgical procedure and pain are all suggested to play a role in its development
Variety of medications such as analgesics, opioids, α2-agonists, benzodiazepines have been used to control this state
Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective α2-agonist with anxiolytic, sedative, and analgesic properties, that has been used to decrease postoperative analgesia and opioid consumption with its sedative effect and thus controlling Emergence delirium
Magnesium sulphate is a physiological calcium channel blocker and a non-competitive N-methyl D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist with an anesthetic, antinociceptive and anticonvulsant effect that has been used intraoperative for its analgesic sparing effect and controlling postoperative pain associated agitation.
The study was conducted on 100 preschool aged children with a double blinded allocation and randomization in which 50 patients received dexmedetomidine loading dose (0.5 µg/kg over 10 min) and infusion dose (0.2 µg / kg / hr.)
And the other 50 patients received magnesium sulphate loading dose (30 mg/kg) over 10 min. and infusion dose
(10 mg/kg/hr).
The main result of this study is the significantly lower incidence of emergence delirium during the first 20 minutes postoperative with intraoperative administration of intravenous dexmedetomidine infusion preceded by a loading compared to magnesium sulphate infusion preceded by a loading dose in lowering the incidence of emergence delirium in preschool aged children undergoing lower abdominal surgeries