الفهرس 
Normal growthOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
ent of a child‘s height and weight is well established as
an indicator of his or her general health and well-being. Such
assessment can also lead to the identification of treatable disorders in
the apparently normal child. Early detection and diagnosis of causes
of short stature help to optimize final adult height and minimize the
impact of any underlying health condition. However, children are
frequently diagnosed at a late age.
In children the three most commonly used anthropometric
indices to assess their growth status are weight-for-height, height-forage
and weight-for-age. Low height-for-age: Stunted growth reflects a
process of failure to reach linear growth potential as a result of
suboptimal health and/or nutritional conditions. For older children, it
reflects a state of ”having failed to grow” or ”being stunted”.
Stunting is defined as height-for-age z-score (HAZ) less than
minus two standard deviation )2SD) below the mean of a reference
standard.
Stunted growth is one of the most common concerns presenting
to pediatric endocrinologists and other physicians caring for children.
Stunting results from complex interaction of household,
environmental, socioeconomic and cultural influences that are
described in the world health organization (WHO) conceptual
framework on childhood stunting.
In 2010, it is estimated that 171 million children (167 million in
developing countries) were stunted. Globally, childhood stunting
decreased from 39.7% (95% CI 38.1, 41.4) in 1990 to 26.7% (95% CI
24.8, 28.7) in 2010. This trend is expected to reach 21.8%