الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Arteriovenous malformations are a complex tangle of abnormal arteries and veins linked by one or more fistulas. The fistulas allow high-flow, rapid arteriovenous shunting, thereby inducing arterial hypotension in vessels feeding the arteriovenous malformation and neighboring areas of the brain. Arteriovenous malformations have been thought to arise from developmental derangements at the embryonic stages, at the fetal stage, or after birth. Their natural course cannot be easily predicted: they may remain static, grow, or even regress.Arteriovenous malformations of the brain mostly present before the age of 40 years and affect both sexes in nearly equal proportions. Rupture of these malformations accounts for only 2 percent of all cerebrovascular strokes. Seizures and intracranial hemorrhage are the most common clinical presentations of arteriovenous malformations.The complex cerebrovascular anatomy of cerebral arteriovenous malformations makes them a challenge to treat, and the treatment itself carries significant risks. To evaluate the possible benefit of a potentially risk modalities of treatment, one needs to understand the natural history and prognosis of the disease.The goal for managing patients with intracranial arteriovenous malformations is to achieve a better quality of life, free from symptoms related to the AVM and elimination the risk of hemorrhage. In the absence of prospective trials or multicenter outcomes data, physicians are often forced to create subjective treatment plans based on local experience with some guidance from the literature. The aim of treatment is total obliteration of the malformation, because subtotal therapy does not provide total protection from possibility of hemorrhage. Management strategies include single or combined therapy applying; microsurgical excision, endovascular techniques and stereotactic radiosurgery. Each treatment modality has associated risks and benefits.