الفهرس 
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Abstract
Vitamin D is a family of fat-soluble secosteroids (i.e., steroids in which one of the bonds in the steroid rings is broken. The structural difference between vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 is the side chain of D2 having a double bond between carbons number 22 and 23, and a methyl group on carbon number 24). In humans, the crucial compound in this group are vitamin D3 (named as cholecalciferol) and vitamin D2 (i.e. ergocalciferol). Cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol could be ingested from the diet and from supplements. Only a few foods have vitamin D. The chief natural source of the vitamin is synthetic pathway the of cholecalciferol in the skin from cholesterol via a chemical reaction that is dependent on sun exposure (particularly uv radiation) (Boron et al., 2016; Bischoff et al., 2012).
Endometriosis is a disease in which cells similar to those in the endometrial lining, the layer of tissue that normally forms the inside of the uterine cavity, grows and develops pathologically at abnormal ectopic sites. The chief symptom profile is chronic pelvic pain and delayed conception. Around fifty percent of those affected suffer chronic pelvic pain, whereas in 70% pain exists during menses (i.e secondary dysmenorrhea). Pain during sexual activity is in addition a frequent complain. Infertility exists in up to fifty percent of affected cases. Less frequent symptoms involve urinary or intestinal symptoms (Rahmioglu et al, 2014; Adamson 2013; Abbas et al, 2012).
Autoimmune disorders are more frequent in cases having endometriosis disease. Vitamin D, have shown by various research teams to have anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory characteristics at molecular and cellular levels. Therefore vitamin D as a prohormone have a possible role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis (Miyashita et al., 2016).
As vitamin D receptor is expressed within ovarian tissue, endometrium, and fallopian epithelial cells, and both eutopic and ectopic endometrium express the enzyme 1a-hydroxylase, causing the conversion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D into the biologically active form of vitamin D, calcitriol. A murine research study model of endometriosis reveal that calcitriol is capable of both prevention of ectopic implantation of endometrium and reduction of established pathological lesions. Finally, numerous in vitro and in vivo research studies have displayed that vitamin D deficiency could raise the risk of various cancer and autoimmune disorders, which have a tendency both to be more common in females with endometriosis (Vercellini et al., 2018).
In the current research study findings the proportion of women who had deficient/insufficient serum 25-OH-vitamin D have been statistically significantly higher among women of research group I [Endometriosis research group] in comparison to women of research group II [Control research group] [OR = 5.67, 95% CI (1.95 to 16.46), p value =0.004].