الفهرس 
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Abstract
Research and exploration of rare raw materials and elements, as well as radioactive elements, are among the most important requirements at present. One of the leading methods of extraction is through the application of biotechnology. Recent studies and research have shown that they have a promising role in leaching and extracting elements from various ore materials.
The purpose of the thesis is showing the biological role of some microorganisms in the decomposition of uranium and some elements of economic importance and to study the effect of some uranium-containing materials on the microorganisms present in the Alouga locality, Um-Bogma-Sinai Egypt,
7 samples were collected from the study area; one rock sample of uranium ore with an average of 1650 ppm. In addition, 6 soil waste samples were collected as residues from traditional uranium leaching processes [ through different time intervals] at experimental processing unit in the with an average of 153 to 302 ppm.
The content of major oxides, trace elements, rare earth elements, toxic elements and economic elements in samples was determined; results shows rare earth element content at a
concentration of 340 to 421 ppm, 6.2 and 0.8 ppm sample content of the silver and gold component respectively while the toxic elements in the samples were high and exceeding the allowable recommended limit, especially lead, Arsenic and manganese.
Microorganisms isolated from the collected samples were purified and tested under microscope to identify the types of fungi, five types of fungi coming from one strain, Aspergillus strain: It has the types of Fumigatus, Lentulus, Falvus, Niger and Felis. The results showed that the Falvus achieved uranium direct bioleaching with 42% and the fungus of Niger 54% while the 37% of Fumigatus, the Felis has 26% and the lentulus was 68%, the most efficient and effective than other species.
The optimal conditions for fungal growth were determined at 3% of the ore concentration, 30oC incubation temperature, incubation period of 8 days for the ore rock sample, 7 days for the waste samples and pH value of 4 for all.
Applying chemical methods to determine uranium was also used in addition to the high-purity germanium detector to measure and evaluate the dissolving efficiency of Aspergillus lentulus for the uranium and other radionuclides within the
solution, results were the ability of to dissolve the uranium by 82% of the waste sample and 34% form ore material.
After measuring the radioactive elements within the bioleach liquor, the used fungus managed to select some of the different radioactive elements (238U , 235U , 234 U, 232 Th and 40K) found under optimal conditions of solubilization and growth, while it could not dissolve others (226Ra , 210 Pb and
214Bi).
Results showed a significant effect of the concentration of ore on the growth and efficiency of fungus, where it was found that the biomass of fungi increases with the concentration of crude from 1% to 3% and then decrease in growth to reach 9% and then no growth is noticed.
The study of the adverse effect of the concentration of radionuclides on A. lentulus was determined by measuring the organic acids during the process of bioleaching.
The fungus produced a number of acids: acetic acid reached 3.3 x10-2 molar concentration and ascorbic acid to 2.17x 10-4 molar and 2.16 x 10-2molar for oxalic acid, while the fungus showed secretion of citric acid at a concentration of 2.5x10-2 molar in control sample and then the concentration of
acids begins to decrease gradually with increasing ore concentration.
Results showed a significant change in the concentrations of radioactive elements during bioleaching process either directly or indirectly, which indicates the role of microorganisms in influencing the movement and transfer of some radionuclides through some organic acids secretion, which make ponds with some of these elements affecting their translocation.
Results of this study indicate the importance of f biotechnology for dissolving and separating radioactive elements, especially uranium from raw materials, and recommend to use on a wide scale due to its higher ability and larger efficiency than traditional extraction methods, Also on environmental and economic scale it has a significant role in (bioremediation) purification and extraction of some elements that came by environmental harmful effect.