الفهرس 
تأثير إضافة حمض الهيوميك والسيلنيوم على مناعة و أداء العجول حديثة الولادةOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 132 |  |  |
| | | from | 132 | | |
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementing humic acid (HA) and selenium yeast (Se) together or separately and its corresponding effects on blood serum immunoglobulin (IgG), growth performance and some blood biochemical parameters in Holstein male calves. The experiment lasted for six months in private dairy farm.
In a complete randomized design (CRD) fourty Holstein male calves with average weight (39.25±0.79) Kg were undertaken in four treatment groups:
group 1: received colostrum with no supplement (Control).
group 2: received colostrum supplemented with 1g of Se / day.
group 3: received colostrum supplemented with 15g of HA / day.
group 4: received colostrum supplemented with 15g of HA plus 1g of Se / day.
Treatments carried out for four consecutive days immediately after birth.
All calves were weighed. Each calf was placed in individual hutches with sandy bedding ground. Three liters of fresh colostrum was fed to calves from their own mothers. Pooled colostrum, transition milk and milk were administerd two times per day later on. All treatments were added to colostrum once daily in the morning feeding by the aid of nipples. Total mixed ration (TMR) was offered on the 10th day of age ad libitum, and the daily (DMI) was calculated. Calves were weaned once they had gained specific target weights (100 kg) regardless the age. Weaning age was recorded. Blood samples were collected at 0 hr, 12hr, 24hr, 48hr and 72 hr, after birth, and every two weeks consequently. Serum was separated and frozen at −20°C.
Colostrum samples were frozen at −20°C. Samples of (TMR) were stored to the subsequent chemical analyses. Blood serum IgG concentration was determined at 0, 12, 24 and 48 hours after birth. Serum biochemical parameter concentrations of total protein, albumin, (globulin was calculated by subtracting), glucose, urea, cholesterol and triglycerides were measured in two stages, first at 0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours of age and second at 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 days of age.
Results showed that
1. Treatment had no effect on all growth paramenters.
2. There were no significant differences among all groups in blood serum IgG concentration at 0, 12, 24 and 48 hr of age. However, at 12 hr (HA+Se) had the highest IgG concentration in serum among all groups. In 24 hr (HA) and (Se) were higher than control and (HA+Se) in blood serum IgG concentration. In 48 hr the concentrations of blood serum IgG remained high in all groups.
3. Apparent efficiency of absorption (AEA) was higher in Se than HA+Se but not with control or HA. No differences was found between HA+Se and control or Se groups.
4. In the first stage (0 - 72 hr), the concentration of serum total protein increased gradually (P≤0.01) by time, where it reached the highest level at 24 and 48 hr in all groups. Overall serum total protein concentration in (Se) was greater (P≤0.01) than others. In the second stage (15 – 75 days) overall concentrations of total protein were greater (P≤0.01) in the Se group than others except control. No interaction was found between treatments and time in both stages.
5. Overall serum albumin concentrations in HA+Se were greater (P<0.01) than others. Neither significant effect of time nor interaction between time and treatments was detected. In the second stage (15 - 75 days) overall concentrations of serum albumin were greater (P≤0.01) in the Se and HA than control. However, HA+Se had the highest value.
6. In the first stage (0 - 72 hr) serum globulin increased gradualy by time in all groups. HA or HA+Se decreased (P≤0.01) blood serum globulin concentrations compared with Se and control. However, Se had the highest levels. On the second stage (15 - 75 days), no effect of time was found. Overall concentrations of serum globulin were greater (P≤0.01) in Se than HA and HA+Se but not with control. No interaction was found between treatments and time either on the first or second stages.
7. In the first stage (0 - 72 hr), A/G ratio decreased gradually by time in all groups. HA+Se had the highest value among all groups. No interaction between treatment and time was found. In the second stage (15 - 75 days), HA+Se had the highest value among all groups. Significant effect of time as well as interaction between time and treatment was found.
8. In the first stage (0 - 72 hr) HA+Se significantly increased serum glucose concentrations compared to HA or Se but not with control. No significant difference between Se and HA, was detected. No interaction between time and treatments was found. On the second stage (15 - 75 days) overall concentrations of serum glucose were greater in HA than HA+Se but not with control and Se. Significant interaction was found between treatments and time. Time had significant effect in both stages.
9. In the first stage, either HA or HA+Se decreased significantly serum urea concentrations compared to control and Se. Selenium group was significantly higher than others. On the second stage (15 - to 75 days), Se had the highest significantly serum urea concentration compared to others, while HA decreased urea concentrations either alone or with Se. Neither time nor interaction between time and treatment was detected either in the first or in the second stage.
10. In the first stage (0 - 72 hr) HA significantly increased serum cholesterol concentrations compared with all groups while control and Se had the lowest serum cholesterol concentrations. No interaction between time and treatments was detected. On the second stage (15 - 75 day) HA had the highest (P≤0.01) serum cholesterol concentration among all groups. An interaction (P≤0.01) between treatment and time was detected. Actually, time has significant effect in both stages, either the first or the second one.
11. In the first stage (0 - 72hr) Se or HA alone or together HA+Se decreased significantly serum triglycerides compared to control. Time has significant effect but there is no interaction between time and treatment has been detected. On the second stage (15 - 75days), all treatments had lower significantly overall serum triglycerides compared with control. Either time or the interaction between treatment and time had significant effect.