الفهرس 
Introduction and aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
PCNL can be performed safely and effectively in children to achieve high stone-free rates and allow a short hospital stay with low complications. Careful evaluation, selection of patients, skill of surgeons and good postoperative nursing care contribute towards the success of the procedure.
PCNL can have a significant role in cases involving large and/or SWL resistant stones. According to the European Association of Urology guidelines, PCNL is recommended as a primary treatment option for large renal stones (> 20 mm).The surgical management of pediatric kidney stones with PCNL has been developed due to improvement of endourologic devices and acquired experiences.
The predictors of the complications were age less than 6 years and nil to mild degree of hydronephrosis with intraoperative and postoperative complications specially bleeding.
This study has some limitations, such as single center experience, short follow-up period and PCNL procedures were performed by different surgeons with different levels of experience.