الفهرس 
I. IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Molecular imprinting is defined as the construction of ligand-selective recognition sites in synthetic polymer where a template (atom, ion, molecule, complex) is exploited in order to facilitate recognition site formation during polymerization with subsequent removal of some or all the template which make a fingerprint in this matrix of polymer then we will make simple and efficient method of changing the properties of matrix copolymers .
This research mainly purposes; preparation of Molecular Imprinting Copolymer for two different herbicides (Glyphosate, Nominee), to applied this technique in purification of contaminated water which contained this herbicides, uses in rice crops and agricultural land. Reducing the number of Herbicides used in agriculture and protect human from water carries Herbicides which one of the main pollutants that cause serious problems besides it is visible even if it exists in a small amount.
In this scope we apply a model pollutants agriculture wastes herbicides and take it as a pollutant form tried we be done to prepare imprinting copolymer matrix from styrene, Mathacrylic acid as a monomer alone and with two different herbicides (Glyphosate, Nominee).
Study the ideal conditions to prepare MIC selected for (Glyphosate, Nominee).
Study The effect of changing different monomer ratios (Sryrene, Methacrylic acid) onto Gelling % for NIC and MIC for two selected herbicides (Glyphosate, Nominee).
Study the effect of changing radiation dose on prepared NIC and MIC for two selected herbicides (Glyphosate, Nominee).
We can perform this research in different steps and using different approach simply in a short time but achieves a lot of benefits in both soil, water and environment in the case which we use herbicides as a pollutant we can use only half amount of herbicides which used in acres of land so that it protects plants and also not consumed highly amount and prevent excess of herbicides leaking out water.
In this work, we prepared imprinting copolymer based on the different concentration of methacrylic acid (MAA), Styrene (ST) two monomer and pollutant herbicides were prepared by gamma radiation copolymerization.
The Molecular Imprinting copolymer was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, XRD and SEM.
We also study, the effect of changing pHs on the releasing of different amount of herbicides from MIC. As an application in the field of the agriculture land and removal particles of herbicides with an exit from outlet water agricultural land.
Study the ability of MIC to Uptake the same pollutant from contaminated water contained a lot of pollutants after releasing of herbicides. To prove that; the finger print of each type of herbicides.
1- The study of Different Monomer Ratios Effect on Gel Percent it observed that; a higher amount of (MAA) and lower amount of (ST) give highly release of (Glyphosate, Nominee), a higher amount of MAA/ST 90/10 give lower gel fraction = 80% selected because its reasonable form, for practical applied. Increasing amount of ST gives higher gel fraction so in the case of using
Monomer ratio MAA/ST 50/50 no insoluble part in distilled water; all monomer polymerized by Gamma Radiation at dose 40 KGY.
2- from Water Uptake Swelling % it observed that; the MIC carried Glyphosate have higher water uptake than Non-Imprinted copolymer (NIC) because Glyphosate herbicide contains amine group which makes interaction with water. In the other case of MIC carried Nominee its ability to absorb water higher than Non- Imprinted copolymer (NIC) but lower than MIC carried Glyphosate because Nominee’s structure contains tertiary amine in pyrimidine ring.
3- The effect of using different solvents characterized by UV it observed that; using chloroform as glyphosate removal in different monomers MAA and ST representatively after 24 h to give good releasing at MAA/ST 90/10. Nominee using water as template removal, give bad result in the case of using methanol as Nominee removal. We can`t use the chloroform information of copolymer matrix in the case of Nominee because it formed two layers. So that in this case good solvent used to reached optimum removal of Nominee is distilledwater.
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4- The releasing studies at room temperature it observed that; the concentration of herbicides released from MIC changed according to temperature after time. So that the releasing of herbicides increasing with time and high temperature.
5- The effect of temperature on release capacity it observed that; at higher temperatures this Nominee MIC, Glyphosate MIC display high efficiency, which increases after 30 ͦC to reach 99% of herbicide released at 80 ͦC after 24 h.
6- The Study of Changing PH it observed that; in the case of glyphosate highly releasing of glyphosate in basic medium PH=10 if increase basicity increase Release gradually to reach optimum release at PH=13 after 24 h. In the case of Nominee releasing in same way PH=3 and PH=10 acidic and basic this because present of pyrimidine ring in the structure of Nominee which are too weakly basic and contain carboxyl group which is highly acidic.
7- characterization of Molecularly Imprinted by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) it observed that; the conclusion from FTIR spectra is shown about 95-99% of two different types of herbicides used released after 24 h at 80 ͦ C. The result shows that there are different parameters affected on releasing herbicides from MIC, these parameters are, temperature, time, and using fresh water after 24 h.
8- characterization of polymer surface it observed that; after the template removed, the MIC which contains cavities is formed. It is expected that have the same properties as or similar to those of the template molecules. It is seen that the Nominee, Glyphosate MIC surfaces after template removal is cleaner than before template removal.
9- XRD (X-Rays Diffraction) it observed that; presence of benzene ring in the structure of copolymer at all XRD diffraction peaks. NIC there is a peak appears
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at high intensity produce more crystalline copolymer compared with two different MIC because may be interruption takes place in series of copolymer when herbicide makes a bond with copolymer during radiation.
10 -Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) it observed that; The NIC have a thermal stability until 100 ͦ C, then the samples became dry by evaporation of water and increases temperature until 200 ͦ C, copolymer starts to loss function groups and there are weight loss (7,6,5,3,6) % for NIC, MIC carry nominee, MIC carry glyphosate, release nominee from MIC and release glyphosate from MIC representatively. In increasing temperature until 500 ͦ C shows that; NIC loss weight 90% approximately from its original weight. In the case of MIC carried herbicides there are weight loss 82% for nominee and 73 % for glyphosate approximately. Also, the study of nomine, glyphosate release cases shows that; 85% weight loss for nominee and 100 % for glyphosate.