الفهرس 
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Abstract
D
iabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema are the major causes of blindness in the working population of developed countries.
DME is a complex pathological process caused by multiple factors, including breakdown of the inner and outer blood-retinal barriers, oxidative stress, and elevated levels of vascular endothelial growth factor. Early detection and treatment of DME can prevent vision loss.
OCT measures the echo delay time of light reflected and backscattered from the retina. It produces reliable, reproducible, and objective cross sectional images of the retinal structures and the vitreoretinal interface and allows quantitative measurements of retinal thickness. DME can be classified morphologically by OCT into four types:
• Diffuse spongy macular edema
• Cystoid macular edema
• Tractional macular edema
• Neurosensory detachment
In this study, we compared the BCVA in different morphological types of DME classified by OCT in diabetic patients, whether or not they had clinically detectable diabetic retinopathy
It was conducted on 102 eyes of 51 selected Egyptian diabetic subjects, 20 males and 31 females were selected by convenient sample, and they were divided into three groups:-
• Eyes with DME with no clinically detectable DR
• Eyes with DME and NPDR
• Eyes with DME and PDR.
All procedures were conducted at National Institute of Diabetes And Endocrinology using RS-3000 SD-OCT.
In this study it was found that diffuse spongy macular edema was the most common type of DME with the least CMT and the highest BCVA.
When we studied our findings regarding the BCVA and CMT with the type of edema we found that they correlated well, with the worst BCVA & CMT seen in CME and SRD and the best BCVA & CMT seen in DSME.
The only exception was in patients with tractional macular edema, as they had more severe DROP of vision while not having the highest CMT.
In the present study, there was a significant correlation between the OCT pattern of DME and the severity of diabetic retinopathy; we found a higher number of eyes with SRD& tractional macular edema in the PDR group than NPDR&non clinically detectable DR groups. However, there was no statistically difference between the three groups concerning the number of eyes with CME&DSME.
We also found a statistically significant decrease in BCVA in eyes with PDR in comparison to eyes with NPDR and eyes with no clinically detectable diabetic retinopathy.