الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was conducted to compare the bone regenerative capacity of
gingiva as well as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells loaded on NanoBone
scaffold as compared to the unloaded NanoBone scaffold in critical-sized tibial bone
defects of a rabbit model.
To achieve this aim, forty one healthy adult male New Zeeland white rabbits, of an
average weight 2.5-3 kgs and having an average age of six months, were used. Five rabbits
were used for stem cell isolation, while in the remaining thirty six rabbits, circular
unicortical critical sized bone defects (6 mm in diameter) were unilaterally created in their
tibia.
The animals were then divided randomly into three groups (12 rabbits each), according to
the treatment modality, as follows: group I: Unloaded NanoBone Scaffold, group II:
GMSCs Loaded on NanoBone Scaffold, and group III: BMSCs Loaded on NanoBone
Scaffold.
Four rabbits from each group were then terminated at three postoperative time
points (2, 4 & 6 weeks). Specimens were then processed and evaluated through histological
(Hematoxylin & Eosin and Masson’s trichrome stains) examination, histomorphometrical
analysis, histochemical (Alcian blue/PAS stain) examination as well as assessing CD31
gene expression using qRT-PCR.
Conclusions: Local application of GMSCs and BMSCs loaded on NanoBone
scaffold showed enhanced pattern of bone regeneration (histologically & histochemically)
and gene expression of CD31 as as compared to the unloaded NanoBone scaffold
confirming the importance of combination strategy in regenerative medicine.
Histomorphometrically, there was no statistically significant difference in the new bone
area % between the bony defects treated with GMSCs loaded on NanoBone scaffold and
BMSCs loaded on NanoBone scaffold; indicating the promising future for GMSCs as an
easily available alternative source for MSCs.