الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Laparoscopic surgery becomes more preferable than open surgery nowadays as it provides a lot of advantages as less postoperative pain, early hospital discharge, and better patients outcomes. Pneumoperitoneum insufflation which is mandatory in laparoscopic surgery is associated with significant pulmonary changes as a decrease in vital capacity, pulmonary compliance and FRC that could trigger atelectasis.
Atelectasis can produce impairment of oxygenation, may trigger respiratory infection. The adverse effects of atelectasis persist into the postoperative period and can impact patient recovery.